Zanthoxylum asiaticum(L.) Appelhans, Groppo & J.Wen

WFO wfo-1000008156 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Zanthoxylum asiaticum, photographed by Jacy Chen
fig. a Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-19 / obs. 200000053
Zanthoxylum asiaticum, photographed by 葉子
fig. b 葉子, CC0 1.0 / obs. 190279104
Zanthoxylum asiaticum, photographed by chiuluan
fig. c chiuluan, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 182324511
Zanthoxylum asiaticum, photographed by Hazel Chang
fig. d Hazel Chang, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 179488960
Zanthoxylum asiaticum, photographed by Jacy Chen
fig. e Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 179719295
Zanthoxylum asiaticum, photographed by 葉子
fig. f 葉子, CC0 1.0 / obs. 178175093
Zanthoxylum asiaticum, photographed by 葉子
fig. g 葉子, CC0 1.0 / obs. 178116992
Zanthoxylum asiaticum, photographed by 葉子
fig. h 葉子, CC0 1.0 / obs. 178115991

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 38 botanical countries

Regions where Zanthoxylum asiaticum is native: Burundi, DR Congo, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Northern Provinces, Réunion, Rodrigues, Rwanda, Sudan-South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Tibet, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam BurundiDR CongoEswatiniEthiopiaKenyaMadagascarMalawiMozambiqueNorthern ProvincesRwandaSudan-South SudanTanzaniaUgandaZambiaZimbabweChina North-CentralChina South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanTaiwanTibetAssamBangladeshEast HimalayaIndiaJawaLaosLesser Sunda Is.MyanmarNepalPhilippinesSri LankaThailandVietnam MauritiusRéunionRodriguesNansei-shoto
Native distribution of Zanthoxylum asiaticum, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Burundi BUR AFRICA
DR Congo ZAI
Eswatini SWZ
Ethiopia ETH
Kenya KEN
Madagascar MDG
Malawi MLW
Mauritius MAU
Mozambique MOZ
Northern Provinces TVL
Réunion REU
Rodrigues ROD
Rwanda RWA
Sudan-South Sudan SUD
Tanzania TAN
Uganda UGA
Zambia ZAM
Zimbabwe ZIM
Assam ASS ASIA-TROPICAL
Bangladesh BAN
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Jawa JAW
Laos LAO
Lesser Sunda Is. LSI
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
Philippines PHI
Sri Lanka SRL
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
China North-Central CHN ASIA-TEMPERATE
China South-Central CHC
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Nansei-shoto NNS
Taiwan TAI
Tibet CHT

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Also published as 28 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Cranzia aculeata (Pers.) Oken
  • Cranzia asiatica (L.) Kuntze
  • Cranzia nitida Kuntze
  • Cranzia schmidelioides (Baker) Kuntze
  • Cranzia willdenowii Kuntze
  • Limonia oligandra Dalzell
  • Rubentia angustifolia Bojer ex Steud.
  • Scopolia angustifolia Spreng.
  • Scopolia micracantha Blume
  • Scopolia nitida Willd. ex Spreng.
  • Toddalia aculeata Pers.
  • Toddalia ambigua Turcz.
  • Toddalia angustifolia Lam.
  • Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.
  • Toddalia asiatica var. floribunda (Wall.) Kurz
  • Toddalia asiatica var. gracilis Gamble
  • Toddalia asiatica var. obtusifolia Gamble
  • Toddalia asiatica var. parva Z.M.Tan
  • Toddalia effusa Turcz.
  • Toddalia floribunda Wall.
  • Toddalia micrantha (Blume) Steud.
  • Toddalia nitida Lam.
  • Toddalia rubicaulis Roem. & Schult.
  • Toddalia schmidelioides Baker

and 4 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.