Viola cucullataAiton

marsh blue violet

WFO wfo-0000426491 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Viola cucullata, photographed by samuellegresley
fig. a samuellegresley, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-04 / obs. 204085926
Viola cucullata, photographed by Michael
fig. b Michael, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202667310
Viola cucullata, photographed by karuquebec
fig. c karuquebec, CC0 1.0 / obs. 203106810
Viola cucullata, photographed by Quinten Wiegersma
fig. d Quinten Wiegersma, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 202265829
Viola cucullata, photographed by John Baur
fig. e John Baur, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 201030584
Viola cucullata, photographed by John Baur
fig. f John Baur, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 201050092
Viola cucullata, photographed by Michael
fig. g Michael, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 200306930
Viola cucullata, photographed by Lynn Harper
fig. h Lynn Harper, CC0 1.0 / obs. 199826427

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 35 botanical countries

Regions where Viola cucullata is native: Alabama, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Newfoundland, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin AlabamaConnecticutGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaIowaKentuckyMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriNew BrunswickNew HampshireNew JerseyNew YorkNewfoundlandNorth CarolinaNova ScotiaOhioOntarioPennsylvaniaPrince Edward I.QuébecSouth CarolinaTennesseeVermontVirginiaWest VirginiaWisconsin DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaRhode I.
Native distribution of Viola cucullata, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Alabama ALA NORTHERN AMERICA
Connecticut CNT
Delaware DEL
District of Columbia WDC
Georgia GEO
Illinois ILL
Indiana INI
Iowa IOW
Kentucky KTY
Maine MAI
Maryland MRY
Massachusetts MAS
Michigan MIC
Minnesota MIN
Mississippi MSI
Missouri MSO
New Brunswick NBR
New Hampshire NWH
New Jersey NWJ
New York NWY
Newfoundland NFL
North Carolina NCA
Nova Scotia NSC
Ohio OHI
Ontario ONT
Pennsylvania PEN
Prince Edward I. PEI
Québec QUE
Rhode I. RHO
South Carolina SCA
Tennessee TEN
Vermont VER
Virginia VRG
West Virginia WVA
Wisconsin WIS

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 494 in flower of 512 examined

Peak flowering in Mar. Each bar is the share of Viola cucullata observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 494 of 512 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 7 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 21 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Viola ciliata Schltdl.
  • Viola consors Greene
  • Viola cordata Walter
  • Viola cucullata f. prionosepala (Greene) Brainerd
  • Viola cucullata var. cordata (Walter) A.Gray
  • Viola cucullata var. microtitis Brainerd
  • Viola cucullata var. minor Hook.
  • Viola cucullata var. reniformis Torr. & A.Gray
  • Viola cucullata var. striata O.R.Willis
  • Viola cucullata var. thurstonii A.Twining
  • Viola fontana Greene
  • Viola induta Greene
  • Viola leptosepala Greene
  • Viola macrotis Greene
  • Viola mesochora Greene ex Rosend.
  • Viola obliqua Aiton
  • Viola obliqua Pursh
  • Viola obliqua Hill
  • Viola palmata var. cucullata (Aiton) A.Gray
  • Viola primulifolia var. cordata (Walter) DC.
  • Viola resupinata Moench

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.