Scrophularia caninaL.

dog figwort

WFO wfo-0000495230 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Scrophularia canina, photographed by Denis Ibaev
fig. a Denis Ibaev, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-11-01 / obs. 166806872
Scrophularia canina, photographed by Adrien BENOIT à la GUILLAUME
fig. b Adrien BENOIT à la GUILLAUME, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 135181409
Scrophularia canina, photographed by Christian Berg
fig. c Christian Berg, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 135546952
Scrophularia canina, photographed by Emanuele Santarelli
fig. d Emanuele Santarelli, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 134342025
Scrophularia canina, photographed by Donald Davesne
fig. e Donald Davesne, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 130466822
Scrophularia canina, photographed by Duarte Frade
fig. f Duarte Frade, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 160987206
Scrophularia canina, photographed by Ben Costamagna
fig. g Ben Costamagna, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 122019347
Scrophularia canina, photographed by Abdenour Kheloufi
fig. h Abdenour Kheloufi, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 120834273

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 26 botanical countries

Regions where Scrophularia canina is native: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, East Aegean Is., Lebanon-Syria, Türkiye, Albania, Austria, Baleares, Bulgaria, Corse, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Krym, NW. Balkan Pen., Portugal, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Switzerland, Türkiye-in-Europe AlgeriaEgyptLibyaMoroccoTunisiaEast Aegean Is.Lebanon-SyriaTürkiyeAlbaniaAustriaBulgariaCorseFranceGermanyGreeceItalyKritiKrymNW. Balkan Pen.PortugalSiciliaSpainSwitzerlandTürkiye-in-Europe BalearesSardegna
Native distribution of Scrophularia canina, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Albania ALB EUROPE
Austria AUT
Baleares BAL
Bulgaria BUL
Corse COR
France FRA
Germany GER
Greece GRC
Italy ITA
Kriti KRI
Krym KRY
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Portugal POR
Sardegna SAR
Sicilia SIC
Spain SPA
Switzerland SWI
Türkiye-in-Europe TUE
Algeria ALG AFRICA
Egypt EGY
Libya LBY
Morocco MOR
Tunisia TUN
East Aegean Is. EAI ASIA-TEMPERATE
Lebanon-Syria LBS
Türkiye TUR

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 125 in flower of 190 examined

Peak flowering in Apr. Each bar is the share of Scrophularia canina observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 125 of 190 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 2 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 49 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Scrophularia atropurpurea Moretti
  • Scrophularia barcinonensis Sennen
  • Scrophularia bicolor Sm.
  • Scrophularia canina f. tristis K.Malý
  • Scrophularia canina subsp. juratensis (Schleich. ex Wydler) Bonnier & Layens
  • Scrophularia canina var. baetica Boiss.
  • Scrophularia canina var. bicolor (Sm.) Vis.
  • Scrophularia canina var. boetica Boiss.
  • Scrophularia canina var. catalonica O.Bolòs & Vigo
  • Scrophularia canina var. crithmifolia (Boiss.) Pau
  • Scrophularia canina var. deschatresii Gamisans
  • Scrophularia canina var. dissecta Rouy
  • Scrophularia canina var. humifusa (Timb.-Lagr. ex Nyman) Rouy
  • Scrophularia canina var. minoricensis P.Monts.
  • Scrophularia canina var. montana Gaudin
  • Scrophularia canina var. nana Gaudin
  • Scrophularia canina var. pallida Hausskn.
  • Scrophularia canina var. pinnatifida (Brot.) Ball
  • Scrophularia canina var. pyrenaica Pau
  • Scrophularia canina var. ramosissima (Loisel.) Bég.
  • Scrophularia canina var. tenuisecta Jord. ex Nyman
  • Scrophularia chrysanthemifolia Willd.
  • Scrophularia crithmifolia Boiss.
  • Scrophularia crithmifolia subsp. alpina (Boiss.) Malag.

and 25 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.