Scrophularia

Accepted species 297 Documented here 39 Family Scrophulariaceae

Accepted species 297 in this genus

Every accepted species in the genus is listed. A name links to its page when we hold at least three commercially licensed photographs of it. Where we do not, the row shows how many we actually found, which is usually none.

SpeciesAuthority Usable photographsPage
Scrophularia californica Cham. & Schltdl. 1,714 documented
Scrophularia nodosa L. 1,578 documented
Scrophularia auriculata L. 348 documented
Scrophularia marilandica L. 306 documented
Scrophularia oblongifolia Loisel. 246 documented
Scrophularia lanceolata Pursh 200 documented
Scrophularia canina L. 110 documented
Scrophularia peregrina L. 93 documented
Scrophularia desertorum (Munz) R.J.Shaw 80 documented
Scrophularia parviflora Wooton & Standl. 60 documented
Scrophularia cretacea Fisch. ex Spreng. 42 documented
Scrophularia atrata Pennell 41 documented
Scrophularia frutescens L. 29 documented
Scrophularia scopolii Hoppe ex Pers. 28 documented
Scrophularia vernalis L. 27 documented
Scrophularia grandiflora DC. 26 documented
Scrophularia scorodonia L. 26 documented
Scrophularia lucida L. 25 documented
Scrophularia glabrata Aiton 23 documented
Scrophularia incisa Weinm. 23 documented
Scrophularia trifoliata L. 22 documented
Scrophularia sambucifolia L. 17 documented
Scrophularia sublyrata Brot. 17 documented
Scrophularia rubricaulis Boiss. 13 documented
Scrophularia yoshimurae T.Yamaz. 12 documented
Scrophularia montana Wooton 8 documented
Scrophularia alpestris J.Gay ex Benth. 7 documented
Scrophularia chrysantha Jaub. & Spach 7 documented
Scrophularia edgeworthii Benth. 7 documented
Scrophularia hirta Lowe 7 documented
Scrophularia laevis Wooton & Standl. 7 documented
Scrophularia wattii (Hook.f.) P.Li 7 documented
Scrophularia laevigata Vahl 5 documented
Scrophularia macrantha Greene ex Stiefelh. 5 documented
Scrophularia rupestris M.Bieb. ex Willd. 4 documented
Scrophularia villosa Pennell 4 documented
Scrophularia duplicatoserrata Makino 3 documented
Scrophularia heterophylla Willd. 3 documented
Scrophularia smithii Hornem. 3 documented
Scrophularia deserti Delile 2 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia divaricata Ledeb. 1 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia herminii Hoffmanns. & Link 1 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia minima M.Bieb. 1 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pinardii Boiss. 1 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia × ritae Mateo 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia aequilabris P.C.Tsoong 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia aestivalis Griseb. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia alaschanica Batalin 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia alata A.Gray 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia alhagioides Attar & Joharchi 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia altaica Murray 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia amadiyana Ghaz. & Haloob 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia amana S.S.Lall 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia amgunensis F.Schmidt 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia amplexicaulis Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia arguta Aiton 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia atroglandulosa Grau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia atropatana Grossh. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia attariae Ranjbar & Rahch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia azerbaijanica Grau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia badakhshanica Grau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia badghysi Botsch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia bahorucana Zanoni 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia bheriensis T.Yamaz. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia birmanica H.L.Li 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia bitlisica S.S.Lall 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia bosniaca Beck 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia botryoides Grau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia botschanzevii Turak. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia buergeriana Miq. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia bulgarica (Stoj.) Peev 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia cabulica Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia calliantha Webb & Berthel. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia calycina Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia canescens Bong. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia capillaris Boiss. & Balansa 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia carduchorum R.R.Mill 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia catariifolia Boiss. & Heldr. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia charadzae Kem.-Nath. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia chasmophila W.W.Sm. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia chlorantha Kotschy & Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia clematidifolia Eig 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia cooperi R.R.Mill 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia costei Biau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia crassicaulis Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia crassipedunculata Attar & Joharchi 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia crassiuscula Grau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia crenophila Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia cryptophila Boiss. & Heldr. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia cryptophilla Boiss. & Heldr. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia czapandaghi B.Fedtsch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia czernjakowskiana B.Fedtsch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia decomposita Royle ex Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia delavayi Franch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia denaensis Attar 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia densifolia Urb. & Ekman 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia dentata Royle ex Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia depauperata Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia dianatnejadii Ranjbar & Rahch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia diffusa Sommier & Levier 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia diplodonta Franch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia domingensis Urb. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia dshungarica Golosk. & Tzag. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia edelbergii Rech.f. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia eggersii Urb. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia elatior Wall. ex Benn. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia elbursensis Bornm. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia elymaitica Mozaff. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia eriocalyx Emb. & Maire 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia erzincanica R.R.Mill 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia exilis Popl. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia fargesii Franch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia fatmae Kandemir & Ilhan 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia fedtschenkoi Gorschk. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia flava Grau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia floribunda Boiss. & Balansa 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia fontqueri Ortega Oliv. & Devesa 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia formosana H.L.Li 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia frigida Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia galilaea Eig 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia gaubae Bornm. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia ghahremanii Attar & Hamzehee 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia glabella Botsch. & Junussov 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia gontscharovii Gorschk. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia gorganica Rech.f. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia gracilis Blakelock 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia granitica Klokov & Krasnova 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia grayanoides M.Kikuchi 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia gypsicola Hub.-Mor. & Lall 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia haematantha Boiss. & Heldr. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia henryi Hemsl. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia heucheriaeflora Schrenk 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia heucheriiflora Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia hierochuntina Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia hilbigii Jäger 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia himalensis Royle ex Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia horizontalis Rech.f. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia hypericifolia Wydler 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia hypsophila Hand.-Mazz. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia hyssopifolia Boiss. & Hausskn. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia ilwensis K.Koch 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia imerethica Kem.-Nath. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia integrifolia Pavlov 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia iranica Attar 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia ispahanica Attar & Nowrouzi 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia jafrii Khatoon & Qaiser 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia jinii P.Li 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kabadianensis B.Fedtsch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kakudensis Franch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kamelinii Botsch. & Kurbanov 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kansuensis Batalin 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kermanica Ghahr. & Mirtadz. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia khorassanica Attar & Joharchi 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kiriloviana Schischk. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kjurendaghi Botsch. & Kurbanov 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia koeiei Rech.f. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia koelzii Pennell 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kollakii S.A.Ahmad 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kotschyana Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kurbanovii Botsch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia kurdica Eig 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia landroveri Wendelbo 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia laportifolia T.Yamaz. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia lateriflora Trautv. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia laxiflora Lange 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia lepidota Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia leucoclada Bunge 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia lhasaensis D.Y.Hong 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia libanotica Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia lijangensis T.Yamaz. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia litvinovii B.Fedtsch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia longiflora Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia lowei Dalgaard 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia lucidaifolia Uzunh. & E.Doğan 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia luridiflora Fisch. & C.A.Mey. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia macrobotrys Ledeb. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia macrocarpa P.C.Tsoong 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia macrophylla Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia macrorrhyncha (Humbert, Litard. & Maire) Ibn Tattou 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia maharluica Ranjbar & Rahch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia mandarinorum Franch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia mandshurica Maxim. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia mapienensis P.C.Tsoong 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia marginata Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia megalantha Rech.f. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia mersinensis S.S.Lall 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia mesopotamica Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia mexicana Mayfield & G.L.Nesom 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia minutiflora Pennell 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia modesta Kitag. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia moellendorffi Maxim. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia moellendorffii Maxim. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia mollis Sommier & Levier 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia moniziana Menezes 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia morisii Vals. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia multicaulis Turcz. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia musashiensis Bonati 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia myriophylla Boiss. & Heldr. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia nabataeorum Eig 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia nachitschevanica Grossh. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia nana Stiefelh. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia nankinensis P.C.Tsoong 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia nervosa Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia nikitinii Gorschk. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia nudata Pennell 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia nuraniae Tzag. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia obtusa Edgew. ex Hook.f. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia olgae Grossh. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia olympica Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia omeri Khatoon & Qaiser 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia orientalis L. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia oxyrhyncha Coincy 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia oxysepala Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pallescens Lowe ex Menezes 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pamirica (O.Fedtsch.) Ivanina 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pamiro-alaica Gorschk. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pamiroalaica Gorschk. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia paphlagonica R.R.Mill 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia papyracea Attar 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pauciflora Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pegaea Hand.-Mazz. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia petraea Aitch. & Hemsl. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia peyronii Post 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pinardi Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pindicola Hausskn. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pluriflora Urb. & Ekman 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia polyantha Royle ex Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia potaninii Ivanina 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia prasiifolia Boiss. & Hausskn. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pruinosa Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia przewalskii Batalin 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia puberula Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pulverulenta Boiss. & Noë 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pumilio S.S.Lall 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia pyrenaica Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia racemosa Lowe 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia rechingeri Grau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia regelii Ivanina 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia rimarum Bornm. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia robusta Pennell 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia rodinii Hamidullah 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia rostrata Boiss. & Buhse 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia rosulata Stiefelh. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia rudolfii F.O.Khass., Serekeeva & Kadyrov 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia ruprechtii Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia sangtodensis B.Fedtsch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia sanguinea Grau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia sardashtensis Ranjbar & Rahch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia scabiosifolia Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia scariosa Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia schiraziana Attar & Hatami 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia scoparia Pennell 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia serratifolia Hub.-Mor. & Lall 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia shulabadensis Attar & Hamzehee 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia singularis Rech.f. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia sosnowskyi Kem.-Nath. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia souliei Franch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia spicata Franch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia spinulescens Hausskn. & Degen 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia sprengeriana Sommier & Levier 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia stenothyrsa Pennell 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia stewartii Pennell 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia striata Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia strizhoviae Abdusal. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia stylosa P.C.Tsoong 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia subaequiloba S.S.Lall 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia subaphylla Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia subsessilis R.R.Mill 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia suffruticosa Pennell 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia sulaimanica S.A.Ahmad 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia tadshikorum Gontsch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia tagetifolia Boiss. & Hausskn. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia taihangshanensis C.S.Zhu & H.W.Yang 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia takhtajanii Gabrieljan 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia talassica Tzag. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia tanacetifolia Willd. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia tenuipes Coss. & Durieu 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia thesioides Boiss. & Buhse 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia tortuosissima Attar & Joharchi 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia towndrowii Druce 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia trichopoda Boiss. & Balansa 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia tuerckheimii Urb. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia uniflora Richt. ex Stapf 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia urticifolia Wall. ex Benth. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia valdesii Ortega Oliv. & Devesa 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia valida Grau 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia variegata M.Bieb. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia versicolor Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia viciosoi Ortega Oliv. & Devesa 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia vvedenskyi Bondarenko & Filatova 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia xanthoglossa Boiss. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia xylobasis Rech.f. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia xylorrhiza Boiss. & Hausskn. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia yunnanensis Franch. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia zuvandica Grossh. 0 below the evidence gate
Scrophularia zvartiana Gabrieljan 0 below the evidence gate

Why some species have no pagethe gate

This site is commercial, so it can only publish photographs licensed for commercial use. Roughly three quarters of the photographs on iNaturalist are CC BY-NC, which excludes them. A species needs at least three usable photographs before we will build it a page, because a page with one picture and no traits tells you nothing you could not get from a search result, and generating hundreds of thousands of those is precisely the practice that got the previous version of this site deleted.

So the species above without a link are not errors and they are not omissions. They are real, accepted plants that we cannot yet document to the standard we hold ourselves to, and the count in the photographs column is exactly how far short we fall.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. Accepted names, authorities, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. Photograph counts, restricted to CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA. Retrieved 2026-06-27.