Hydrocotyle umbellataL.

manyflower marshpennywort

WFO wfo-0000726617 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Hydrocotyle umbellata, photographed by Daniel Patterson
fig. a Daniel Patterson, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-08 / obs. 204448325
Hydrocotyle umbellata, photographed by Ricard Busquets Reverte
fig. b Ricard Busquets Reverte, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199852395
Hydrocotyle umbellata, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. c Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 195915489
Hydrocotyle umbellata, photographed by Amber M. King
fig. d Amber M. King, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 193337741
Hydrocotyle umbellata, photographed by Rich Sommer
fig. e Rich Sommer, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 193810720
Hydrocotyle umbellata, photographed by Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）
fig. f Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 191233669
Hydrocotyle umbellata, photographed by Jay Horn
fig. g Jay Horn, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 188645887
Hydrocotyle umbellata, photographed by Reid Hardin
fig. h Reid Hardin, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 187205909

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 62 botanical countries

Regions where Hydrocotyle umbellata is native: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode I., South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Bahamas, Belize, Bolivia, Chile Central, Chile North, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Galápagos, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Leeward Is., Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuela, Windward Is. AlabamaArkansasCaliforniaConnecticutFloridaGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaLouisianaMarylandMassachusettsMexico CentralMexico GulfMexico NortheastMexico NorthwestMexico SoutheastMexico SouthwestMichiganMinnesotaMississippiNew JerseyNew YorkNorth CarolinaNova ScotiaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasVirginiaBelizeBoliviaChile CentralChile NorthColombiaCosta RicaCubaDominican RepublicEcuadorEl SalvadorFrench GuianaGuatemalaGuyanaHaitiHondurasJamaicaNicaraguaPanamáParaguayPeruPuerto RicoSurinameTrinidad-TobagoVenezuela DelawareRhode I.BahamasGalápagosLeeward Is.Windward Is.
Native distribution of Hydrocotyle umbellata, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Alabama ALA NORTHERN AMERICA
Arkansas ARK
California CAL
Connecticut CNT
Delaware DEL
Florida FLA
Georgia GEO
Illinois ILL
Indiana INI
Louisiana LOU
Maryland MRY
Massachusetts MAS
Mexico Central MXC
Mexico Gulf MXG
Mexico Northeast MXE
Mexico Northwest MXN
Mexico Southeast MXT
Mexico Southwest MXS
Michigan MIC
Minnesota MIN
Mississippi MSI
New Jersey NWJ
New York NWY
North Carolina NCA
Nova Scotia NSC
Ohio OHI
Oklahoma OKL
Oregon ORE
Pennsylvania PEN
Rhode I. RHO
South Carolina SCA
Tennessee TEN
Texas TEX
Virginia VRG
Bahamas BAH SOUTHERN AMERICA
Belize BLZ
Bolivia BOL
Chile Central CLC
Chile North CLN
Colombia CLM
Costa Rica COS
Cuba CUB
Dominican Republic DOM
Ecuador ECU
El Salvador ELS
French Guiana FRG
Galápagos GAL
Guatemala GUA
Guyana GUY
Haiti HAI
Honduras HON
Jamaica JAM
Leeward Is. LEE
Nicaragua NIC
Panamá PAN
Paraguay PAR
Peru PER
Puerto Rico PUE
Suriname SUR
Trinidad-Tobago TRT
Venezuela VEN
Windward Is. WIN

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 1,285 in flower of 1,317 examined

Peak flowering in Aug. Each bar is the share of Hydrocotyle umbellata observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 1,285 of 1,317 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 12 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Hydrocotyle afra Meisn.
  • Hydrocotyle caffra Meisn.
  • Hydrocotyle fluitans DC.
  • Hydrocotyle incrassata Raf.
  • Hydrocotyle polystachya A.Rich.
  • Hydrocotyle quinqueradiata Thouars ex DC.
  • Hydrocotyle scaposa Steud.
  • Hydrocotyle umbellata var. intermedia Urb.
  • Hydrocotyle umbellata var. microphylla Urb.
  • Hydrocotyle umbellata var. scaposa (Steud.) Urb.
  • Hydrocotyle umbellata var. umbellulata (Michx.) DC.
  • Hydrocotyle umbellulata Michx.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.