Fraxinus profunda(Bush) Bush

pumpkin ash

WFO wfo-0000832862 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Fraxinus profunda, photographed by Daniel Atha
fig. a Daniel Atha, CC0 1.0 / 2021-05-01 / obs. 124968225
Fraxinus profunda, photographed by Daniel Atha
fig. b Daniel Atha, CC0 1.0 / obs. 124967817
Fraxinus profunda, photographed by Daniel Atha
fig. c Daniel Atha, CC0 1.0 / obs. 109778666
Fraxinus profunda, photographed by mfeaver
fig. d mfeaver, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 33529066
Fraxinus profunda, photographed by mfeaver
fig. e mfeaver, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 32854226
Fraxinus profunda, photographed by Zihao Wang
fig. f Zihao Wang, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 21475825
Fraxinus profunda, photographed by Zihao Wang
fig. g Zihao Wang, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 13703306
Fraxinus profunda, photographed by Daniel Atha
fig. h Daniel Atha, CC0 1.0 / obs. 7835070

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium
The New York Botanical Garden
Accession
2501484
Filed as
Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush
Det. by
J. J. N. Campbell 2015-01-01
Collected
R. E. Shanks 1937-07-24
Origin
US
The sheet
View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 22 botanical countries

Regions where Fraxinus profunda is native: Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia AlabamaArkansasFloridaGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaKentuckyLouisianaMarylandMichiganMississippiMissouriNew JerseyNew YorkNorth CarolinaOhioPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaTennesseeVirginia DelawareDistrict of Columbia
Native distribution of Fraxinus profunda, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Alabama ALA NORTHERN AMERICA
Arkansas ARK
Delaware DEL
District of Columbia WDC
Florida FLA
Georgia GEO
Illinois ILL
Indiana INI
Kentucky KTY
Louisiana LOU
Maryland MRY
Michigan MIC
Mississippi MSI
Missouri MSO
New Jersey NWJ
New York NWY
North Carolina NCA
Ohio OHI
Pennsylvania PEN
South Carolina SCA
Tennessee TEN
Virginia VRG

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 327 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -7.4 °C -4.2 °C 7.7 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 25.6 °C 28.3 °C 32.3 °C
Annual rainfall 955 mm 1,183 mm 1,418 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 183 mm 242 mm 275 mm

It is found where winters bring hard frost. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 327 research-grade observations of Fraxinus profunda that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 9 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Calycomelia profunda (Bush) Nieuwl.
  • Calycomelia tomentosa Kostel.
  • Fraxinus americana var. profunda Bush
  • Fraxinus michauxii Britton
  • Fraxinus pennsylvanica subsp. profunda (Bush) A.E.Murray
  • Fraxinus pennsylvanica var. profunda (Bush) Sudw.
  • Fraxinus profunda var. ashei E.J.Palmer
  • Fraxinus tomentosa F.Michx.
  • Fraxinus tomentosa F.Michx.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.