Flueggea suffruticosa(Pall.) Baill.

WFO wfo-0000967249 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 7 observations

This species has been photographed under an open licence only 7 times, so some figures below are different views of the same plant, taken on the same day, rather than different individuals. They are usually different parts of it: the leaf, the flower, the bark.

Flueggea suffruticosa, photographed by Cheng-Te Hsu
fig. a Cheng-Te Hsu, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-01 / obs. 192799186
Flueggea suffruticosa, photographed by Repina Tatyana
fig. b Repina Tatyana, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 98038983
Flueggea suffruticosa, photographed by Jacy Chen
fig. c Jacy Chen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 91438908
Flueggea suffruticosa, photographed by Repina Tatyana
fig. d Repina Tatyana, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 98026471
Flueggea suffruticosa, photographed by 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi)
fig. e 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi), CC BY 4.0 / obs. 147048443
Flueggea suffruticosa, photographed by 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi)
fig. f 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi), CC BY 4.0 / obs. 147197089
Flueggea suffruticosa, photographed by Nadezhda Bortnikova
fig. g Nadezhda Bortnikova, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 86704439
Flueggea suffruticosa, photographed by Repina Tatyana
fig. h Repina Tatyana, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 52483394

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 14 botanical countries

Regions where Flueggea suffruticosa is native: Amur, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, Primorye, Taiwan, Tibet AmurChina North-CentralChina South-CentralChina SoutheastChitaHainanInner MongoliaJapanManchuriaMongoliaPrimoryeTaiwanTibet Korea
Native distribution of Flueggea suffruticosa, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Amur AMU ASIA-TEMPERATE
China North-Central CHN
China South-Central CHC
China Southeast CHS
Chita CTA
Hainan CHH
Inner Mongolia CHI
Japan JAP
Korea KOR
Manchuria CHM
Mongolia MON
Primorye PRM
Taiwan TAI
Tibet CHT

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 185 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low -21.8 °C -6.6 °C 16.0 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 24.3 °C 28.3 °C 30.8 °C
Annual rainfall 540 mm 933 mm 3,534 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 11 mm 57 mm 643 mm

It is found where winters are severely cold. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 185 research-grade observations of Flueggea suffruticosa that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 23 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Acidoton flueggeoides (Müll.Arg.) Kuntze
  • Acidoton ramiflorus (Aiton) Kuntze
  • Flueggea flueggeoides (Müll.Arg.) G.L.Webster
  • Flueggea japonica (Miq.) Pax
  • Flueggea trigonoclada (Ohwi) T.Kuros.
  • Geblera chinensis Rupr.
  • Geblera suffruticosa (Pall.) Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
  • Geblera sungariensis Rupr.
  • Pharnaceum suffruticosum Pall.
  • Phyllanthus flueggeoides Müll.Arg.
  • Phyllanthus ramiflorus (Aiton) Pers.
  • Phyllanthus trigonocladus Ohwi
  • Securinega fluggeoides (Müll.Arg.) Müll.Arg.
  • Securinega japonica Miq.
  • Securinega microcarpa B.C.Ding & Y.Wang
  • Securinega multiflora S.B.Liang
  • Securinega ramiflora (Aiton) Müll.Arg.
  • Securinega suffruticosa (Pall.) Rehder
  • Securinega suffruticosa f. japonica Hurus.
  • Securinega suffruticosa var. amamiensis Hurus.
  • Securinega suffruticosa var. japonica (Miq.) Hurus.
  • Xylophylla parviflora Bellardi ex Colla
  • Xylophylla ramiflora Aiton

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.