Ecbolium ligustrinum(Vahl) Vollesen

WFO wfo-0000659420 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Ecbolium ligustrinum, photographed by Vihansith Kulatunga
fig. a Vihansith Kulatunga, CC BY-SA 4.0 / 2021-06-24 / obs. 138487979
Ecbolium ligustrinum, photographed by Siddarth Machado
fig. b Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 41096705
Ecbolium ligustrinum, photographed by Dinesh Valke
fig. c Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 134522800
Ecbolium ligustrinum, photographed by Dinesh Valke
fig. d Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 128157302
Ecbolium ligustrinum, photographed by Dinesh Valke
fig. e Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 128154135
Ecbolium ligustrinum, photographed by Dinesh Valke
fig. f Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 132292961
Ecbolium ligustrinum, photographed by Dinesh Valke
fig. g Dinesh Valke, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 134276104
Ecbolium ligustrinum, photographed by Divya Mudappa
fig. h Divya Mudappa, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 176351158

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Accession
K000884418
Filed as
Ecbolium ligustrinum (Vahl) Vollesen
Det. by
Vollesen, K.
Collected
Wallich 1890-01-01
Origin
IN
The sheet
View the digitised specimen (CC BY 4.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 6 botanical countries

Regions where Ecbolium ligustrinum is native: Assam, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka AssamBangladeshIndiaMyanmarNepalSri Lanka
Native distribution of Ecbolium ligustrinum, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Assam ASS ASIA-TROPICAL
Bangladesh BAN
India IND
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
Sri Lanka SRL

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 51 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 12.1 °C 19.8 °C 24.6 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 28.7 °C 33.0 °C 38.8 °C
Annual rainfall 859 mm 2,171 mm 4,084 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 2 mm 37 mm 251 mm

It is not found anywhere that gets close to freezing. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 51 research-grade observations of Ecbolium ligustrinum that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 21 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Ecbolium ecbolium (L.) Voss
  • Ecbolium linneanum Kurz
  • Ecbolium linneanum var. dentatum (Klein ex Link) C.B.Clarke
  • Ecbolium linneanum var. laetevirens (Vahl) C.B.Clarke
  • Ecbolium viride subsp. ligustrinum (Vahl) M.R.Almeida
  • Ecbolium viride var. dentatum (Klein ex Link) Santapau
  • Ecbolium viride var. dentatum (J.G.Klein ex Link) M.R.Almeida
  • Ecbolium viride var. laetevirens (Vahl) Santapau
  • Eranthemum ecbolium T.Anderson
  • Justicia adhatoda Mart. ex Nees
  • Justicia dentata Klein ex Link
  • Justicia denticulata Klein ex Nees
  • Justicia ecbolia St.-Lag.
  • Justicia ecbolium Wall.
  • Justicia ecbolium L.
  • Justicia ecbolium var. laetevirens (Vahl) Kuntze
  • Justicia emarginata Nees
  • Justicia fasciculata Russell ex Wall.
  • Justicia laetevirens Vahl
  • Justicia ligustrina Vahl
  • Justicia livida Nees

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.