{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/zehneria-mucronata/",
  "last_modified": "2024-06-04",
  "id": {
    "slug": "zehneria-mucronata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001225313",
    "inat_taxon_id": 568980
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Zehneria mucronata",
    "authorship": "Miq.",
    "genus": "Zehneria",
    "epithet": "mucronata",
    "family": "Cucurbitaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 656 (1856)",
    "protologue_url": null,
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Bryonia johnstonii",
        "authorship": "Cuzent ex Seem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryonia mucronata",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Karivia samoensis",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Karivia samoensis var. vitiensis",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Melothria carnosula",
        "authorship": "Cogn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Melothria grayana",
        "authorship": "Cogn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Melothria kelungensis",
        "authorship": "(Hayata) Hayata ex Makino & Nemoto"
      },
      {
        "name": "Melothria lobata",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Melothria mucronata",
        "authorship": "Cogn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Melothria rechingeri",
        "authorship": "Cogn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Melothria samoensis",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Neoachmandra samoensis",
        "authorship": "(A.Gray) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes"
      },
      {
        "name": "Pilogyne samoensis",
        "authorship": "(A.Gray) W.J.de Wilde & Duyfjes"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zehneria grayana",
        "authorship": "(Cogn.) Fosberg & Sachet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zehneria grayana var. vitiensis",
        "authorship": "(A.Gray) Fosberg & Sachet"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zehneria kelungensis",
        "authorship": "Hayata"
      },
      {
        "name": "Zehneria samoensis",
        "authorship": "(A.Gray) Fosberg & Sachet"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 6,
    "usable_found": 6,
    "licences": [
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 18768151,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Cheng-Tao Lin",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mutolisp",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/92460d13-ca14-4d74-b447-b870173bccc2",
        "observed_on": "2018-05-27",
        "lat": 24.273,
        "lon": 120.948,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768151/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768151/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768151/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768151/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Cheng-Tao Lin, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 18768152,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Cheng-Tao Lin",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mutolisp",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/92460d13-ca14-4d74-b447-b870173bccc2",
        "observed_on": "2018-05-27",
        "lat": 24.273,
        "lon": 120.948,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768152/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768152/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768152/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768152/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Cheng-Tao Lin, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 18768154,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Cheng-Tao Lin",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mutolisp",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/92460d13-ca14-4d74-b447-b870173bccc2",
        "observed_on": "2018-05-27",
        "lat": 24.273,
        "lon": 120.948,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768154/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768154/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768154/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768154/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Cheng-Tao Lin, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 18768131,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Cheng-Tao Lin",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mutolisp",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/92460d13-ca14-4d74-b447-b870173bccc2",
        "observed_on": "2018-05-27",
        "lat": 24.273,
        "lon": 120.948,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          768
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768131/r1/400.avif",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768131/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768131/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768131/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Cheng-Tao Lin, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 18768135,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Cheng-Tao Lin",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mutolisp",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/92460d13-ca14-4d74-b447-b870173bccc2",
        "observed_on": "2018-05-27",
        "lat": 24.273,
        "lon": 120.948,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          768
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768135/r1/400.avif",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768135/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768135/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768135/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Cheng-Tao Lin, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 18768136,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Cheng-Tao Lin",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mutolisp",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/92460d13-ca14-4d74-b447-b870173bccc2",
        "observed_on": "2018-05-27",
        "lat": 24.273,
        "lon": 120.948,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          768
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768136/r1/400.avif",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768136/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768136/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/18768136/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Cheng-Tao Lin, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "BIS",
      "XMS",
      "JAW",
      "LSI",
      "MOL",
      "NWG",
      "PHI",
      "SOL",
      "SUL",
      "SUM",
      "NTA",
      "QLD",
      "SOA",
      "WAU",
      "CRL",
      "FIJ",
      "MRQ",
      "NUE",
      "SAM",
      "SCI",
      "TON"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "BIS",
        "name": "Bismarck Archipelago",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "XMS",
        "name": "Christmas I.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOL",
        "name": "Maluku",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOL",
        "name": "Solomon Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NTA",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOA",
        "name": "South Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WAU",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "Australia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CRL",
        "name": "Caroline Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Northwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIJ",
        "name": "Fiji",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRQ",
        "name": "Marquesas",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUE",
        "name": "Niue",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAM",
        "name": "Samoa",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "SCI",
        "name": "Society Is.",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "South-Central Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "TON",
        "name": "Tonga",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 9,
    "n_annotated": 11,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "liana",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 9 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/zehneria-mucronata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}