Zamia integrifoliaL.f.

Florida CoontieFlorida arrowrootWild Sagobay-rushcomfort rootcoontie

WFO wfo-0000429999 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Zamia integrifolia, photographed by Leila Dasher
fig. a Leila Dasher, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-16 / obs. 198876967
Zamia integrifolia, photographed by Josiah Londerée
fig. b Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 196158151
Zamia integrifolia, photographed by Ben Machado
fig. c Ben Machado, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 193080692
Zamia integrifolia, photographed by Mirko Schoenitz
fig. d Mirko Schoenitz, CC0 1.0 / obs. 181987667
Zamia integrifolia, photographed by Austin Pursley
fig. e Austin Pursley, CC0 1.0 / obs. 178376638
Zamia integrifolia, photographed by Brandon Corder
fig. f Brandon Corder, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 174249887
Zamia integrifolia, photographed by juniem
fig. g juniem, CC0 1.0 / obs. 143058220
Zamia integrifolia, photographed by natalie
fig. h natalie, CC0 1.0 / obs. 116888225

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

The specimen a real sheet, in a real collection

Herbarium
Smithsonian, US National Herbarium
Accession
US 3740641
Filed as
Zamia integrifolia L.f.
Det. by
Strong, Mark T., (BOT), Smithsonian Institution - National Museum of Natural History (UNITED STATES)
Collected
M. T. Strong, C. L. Kelloff & S. Ward 2019-09-20
Origin
US
The sheet
View the digitised specimen (CC0 1.0)

A real pressed plant, in a real collection, under the accession number above. Not an illustration of one. The holding institution does not serve this sheet’s image to third parties, so there is no photograph here. The record is real and the link goes to it. Where we hold no openly licensed sheet for a species this section is simply absent, and where a sheet never recorded who determined it, that field stays empty rather than being filled in. Roughly half of all herbarium sheets never recorded a determiner, which is ordinary.

Native range 5 botanical countries

Regions where Zamia integrifolia is native: Florida, Georgia, Bahamas, Cayman Is., Cuba FloridaGeorgiaCuba BahamasCayman Is.
Native distribution of Zamia integrifolia, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Bahamas BAH SOUTHERN AMERICA
Cayman Is. CAY
Cuba CUB
Florida FLA NORTHERN AMERICA
Georgia GEO

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 2,001 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 8.8 °C 13.8 °C 18.2 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 29.2 °C 30.7 °C 32.0 °C
Annual rainfall 1,280 mm 1,387 mm 1,587 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 137 mm 185 mm 219 mm

It is barely found anywhere that freezes. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 2,001 research-grade observations of Zamia integrifolia that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 25 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Palmifolium floridanum (A.DC.) Kuntze
  • Palmifolium integrifolium (L.f. ex Aiton) Kuntze
  • Palmifolium medium (Jacq.) Kuntze
  • Palmifolium tenue (Willd.) Kuntze
  • Zamia angustifolia var. floridana (DC.) Regel
  • Zamia dentata Voigt
  • Zamia floridana A.DC.
  • Zamia floridana f. floridana
  • Zamia floridana f. silvicola (Small) J.Schust.
  • Zamia floridana var. floridana
  • Zamia floridana var. purshiana J.Schust.
  • Zamia floridana var. umbrosa (Small) D.B.Ward
  • Zamia integrifolia var. broomei D.B.Ward
  • Zamia integrifolia var. floridana (A.DC.) D.B.Ward
  • Zamia integrifolia var. silvicola (Small) D.B.Ward
  • Zamia loddigesii var. tenuis (Willd.) J.Schust.
  • Zamia media Jacq.
  • Zamia media f. brevipinnata J.Schust.
  • Zamia media f. calcicola J.Schust.
  • Zamia media var. jacquiniana J.Schust.
  • Zamia media var. tenuis (Willd.) J.Schust.
  • Zamia silvicola Small
  • Zamia subcoriacea Wendl. ex J.Schust.
  • Zamia tenuis Willd.

and 1 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.