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  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
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    "wfo": "wfo-0000428236",
    "inat_taxon_id": 1588579
  },
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    "scientific": "Ximenia afra",
    "authorship": "Sond.",
    "genus": "Ximenia",
    "epithet": "afra",
    "family": "Olacaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Linnaea 23(1): 21 1850",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:608572-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "large sourplum",
      "english": [
        "large sourplum"
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      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Ximenia afra var. glabra",
        "authorship": "Cavaco & Keraudren"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ximenia afra var. longipedicellata",
        "authorship": "Cavaco & Keraudren"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ximenia americana var. caffra",
        "authorship": "(Sond.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ximenia americana var. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ximenia caffra",
        "authorship": "Sond."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ximenia caffra var. caffra",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Ximenia caffra var. glabra",
        "authorship": "Cavaco & Keraudren"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ximenia caffra var. longipedicellata",
        "authorship": "Cavaco & Keraudren"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ximenia caffra var. natalensis",
        "authorship": "Sond."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ximenia madagascariensis",
        "authorship": "Cavaco & Keraudren"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ximenia_afra"
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    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
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      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
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    "codes": [
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      "NAT",
      "MDG",
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      "SUD",
      "TAN",
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      "ZAM",
      "ZIM"
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    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ANG",
        "name": "Angola",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOT",
        "name": "Botswana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUR",
        "name": "Burundi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPV",
        "name": "Caprivi Strip",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "COM",
        "name": "Comoros",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWZ",
        "name": "Eswatini",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
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        "code": "NAT",
        "name": "KwaZulu-Natal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLW",
        "name": "Malawi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAM",
        "name": "Namibia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "RWA",
        "name": "Rwanda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOM",
        "name": "Somalia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub or tree",
    "climate": "seasonally dry tropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/ximenia-afra/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}