{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/warnstorfia-exannulata/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-03",
  "id": {
    "slug": "warnstorfia-exannulata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001161269",
    "inat_taxon_id": 461337
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Warnstorfia exannulata",
    "authorship": "(Schimp.) Loeske",
    "genus": "Warnstorfia",
    "epithet": "exannulata",
    "family": "Calliergonaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Hedwigia 46: 310. 1907.",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.bryonames.org/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "hooked spring moss",
      "english": [
        "hooked spring moss",
        "ringless hook-moss",
        "warnstorfia moss"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium aduncum f. tenue",
        "authorship": "Arnell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium capillaceum",
        "authorship": "Mitt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium exannulatum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) De Not."
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium exannulatum var. acutum",
        "authorship": "(Sanio) Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium exannulatum var. brachydictyon",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium exannulatum var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium exannulatum var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium exannulatum var. serratum",
        "authorship": "(Milde) Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium exannulatum var. tenellum",
        "authorship": "C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans f. acutum",
        "authorship": "(Sanio) Arnell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans f. acutum-assimile",
        "authorship": "Arnell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans f. typicum-cuspidatum",
        "authorship": "Arnell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans f. typicum-fumigatum",
        "authorship": "Arnell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans f. typicum-purpurascens",
        "authorship": "Arnell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans subsp. exannulatum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans var. alpicola",
        "authorship": "De Not."
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans var. brachydictyon",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans var. exannulatum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Lindb. & Arnell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans var. glaciale",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Arnell & C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium fluitans var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Lindb. & Arnell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium kneiffii var. pseudofontanum",
        "authorship": "(Sanio) Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium kneiffii var. tenue",
        "authorship": "Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium purpurascens var. brachydictyon",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) H.A.Möller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium purpurascens var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) H.A.Möller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amblystegium rotae",
        "authorship": "De Not."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus aduncus f. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus aduncus subf. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus aduncus subsp. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus aduncus var. denticulatus",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Demaret"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus aduncus var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus aduncus var. venturii",
        "authorship": "(Sanio) Wijk & Margad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus brasiliensis",
        "authorship": "Broth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus capillaceus",
        "authorship": "(Mitt.) Broth. ex Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. arcticus",
        "authorship": "Smirnova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. brevicuspis",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. falcatus",
        "authorship": "(Mönk.) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. fontinaliformis",
        "authorship": "Smirnova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. integer",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. longicuspis",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. orthophyllus",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. pratensis",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. pseudoorthophyllus",
        "authorship": "Tosco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. pseudotrichophyllus",
        "authorship": "F.J.Herm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Herzog"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. serratus",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. sphagnetorum",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. submersus",
        "authorship": "(Mönk.) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus f. tenuis",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus subf. falcatus",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus subf. irrigatus",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus subf. submersus",
        "authorship": "Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus subsp. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus subsp. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Corb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus subvar. glacialis",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus subvar. sphagnetorum",
        "authorship": "(Mönk.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus subvar. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Mönk.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. acutus",
        "authorship": "(Sanio) Wijk & Margad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. alpinus",
        "authorship": "(Grav.) Wijk & Margad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. brachydictyon",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. brevicuspis",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. decurrens",
        "authorship": "G.Roth & Bock"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. dixonii",
        "authorship": "G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. filescens",
        "authorship": "G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. glacialis",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Mönk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. gracilentus",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "G.Roth & Bock"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. irrigatus",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Corb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. longicuspis",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. pinnatus",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. plicatulus",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. robustus",
        "authorship": "Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. serratus",
        "authorship": "(Milde) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. sphagnetorum",
        "authorship": "(Mönk.) Guim."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. stenophylloides",
        "authorship": "(Renauld ex Wheldon) Copp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. submersus",
        "authorship": "G.Roth & Bock"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus exannulatus var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus fluitans subsp. exannulatus",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Renauld"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus fluitans subsp. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Ambrož"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus fluitans var. brachydictyon",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Grout"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus fluitans var. mildei",
        "authorship": "Renauld"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus fluitans var. pinnatus",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Grout"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus fluitans var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Ambrož"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus fluitans var. tenuissimus",
        "authorship": "(Dozy & Molk.) Jansen & Wacht."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus polycarpos var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus purpurascens subsp. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus purpurascens var. falcatus",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus purpurascens var. orthophyllus",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus purpurascens var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus purpurascens var. versicolor",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus purpurascens var. virescens",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus rotae var. irrigatus",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus serratus",
        "authorship": "(Milde) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Drepanocladus tenuis",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Harpidium exannulatum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Harpidium exannulatum var. immersum",
        "authorship": "C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Harpidium exannulatum var. longifolium",
        "authorship": "C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Harpidium exannulatum var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum aduncum",
        "authorship": "Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum aduncum f. tenue",
        "authorship": "Renauld"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum aduncum unranked pseudofontanum",
        "authorship": "Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum aduncum var. denticulatum",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum aduncum var. intermedium-laxum",
        "authorship": "Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum aduncum var. pseudointermedium",
        "authorship": "Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum aduncum var. subalpinum",
        "authorship": "(Milde) Chał."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum aduncum var. tenue",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum aduncum var. venturii",
        "authorship": "Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum capillaceum",
        "authorship": "(Mitt.) Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum f. acutum",
        "authorship": "(Sanio) Wheldon & A.Wilson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum f. montanum",
        "authorship": "(Renauld ex Wheldon) Wheldon & A.Wilson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum f. polycladum",
        "authorship": "(Renauld ex Wheldon) Wheldon & A.Wilson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum f. stenophylloides",
        "authorship": "(Renauld ex Wheldon) Wheldon & A.Wilson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum subsp. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Delogne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum subsp. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Bott."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. alpinum",
        "authorship": "Grav."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. brachydictyon",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. brevicuspis",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Fam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. cochleae",
        "authorship": "Austin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. glaciale",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. immersum",
        "authorship": "(C.E.O.Jensen) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. immersum",
        "authorship": "Austin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. irrigatum",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. longifolium",
        "authorship": "(C.E.O.Jensen) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. pinnatum",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "Pfeff."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Milde"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Pfeff."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. serratum",
        "authorship": "Milde"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. stenophyllum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Hobk. & Bosw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum exannulatum var. tenellum",
        "authorship": "(C.E.O.Jensen) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans f. montanum",
        "authorship": "Renauld ex Wheldon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans f. polycladum",
        "authorship": "Renauld ex Wheldon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans f. stenophylloides",
        "authorship": "Renauld ex Wheldon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans unranked assimile",
        "authorship": "Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans unranked cuspidatum",
        "authorship": "Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans unranked fumigatum",
        "authorship": "Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. acutum",
        "authorship": "Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. alpicola",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. alpinum",
        "authorship": "Renauld"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. brachydictyon",
        "authorship": "Renauld"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. brevicuspis",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Hamm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. fuscum",
        "authorship": "Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. glaciale",
        "authorship": "Renauld"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. irrigatum",
        "authorship": "Renauld"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. nigricans",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. pinnatum",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. serratum",
        "authorship": "(Milde) Sanio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. stenophylloides",
        "authorship": "(Renauld ex Wheldon) Renauld"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. stenophyllum",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. tenue",
        "authorship": "Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum fluitans var. tenuissimum",
        "authorship": "Dozy & Molk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum kneiffii subvar. venturii",
        "authorship": "(Sanio) Venturi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum kneiffii var. subalpinum",
        "authorship": "Milde"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum kneiffii var. venturii",
        "authorship": "(Sanio) Dalla Torre & Sarnth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum polycarpon var. tenue",
        "authorship": "Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum pseudostramineum",
        "authorship": "Hampe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum purpurascens var. brachydictyon",
        "authorship": "(Renauld) Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum purpurascens var. compactum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum purpurascens var. orthophyllum",
        "authorship": "Bryhn"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum purpurascens var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum stramineoides",
        "authorship": "Sauerb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum tenue",
        "authorship": "H.Klinggr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Hypnum uncinatum var. tenue",
        "authorship": "(Hartm.) C.Hartm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchostegium pseudostramineum",
        "authorship": "Mitt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rhynchostegium stramineoides",
        "authorship": "(Sauerb.) Wijk & Margad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sarmentypnum exannulatum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Hedenäs"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stereodon fluitans var. nigricans",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Warnstorfia exannulata var. lapponica",
        "authorship": "Wheldon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Warnstorfia exannulata var. nigricans",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) Ochyra"
      },
      {
        "name": "Warnstorfia exannulata var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Tuom. & T.J.Kop."
      },
      {
        "name": "Warnstorfia exannulata var. rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Warnstorfia exannulata var. serrata",
        "authorship": "(Milde) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Warnstorfia exannulata var. stenophylloides",
        "authorship": "(Renauld ex Wheldon) Wheldon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Warnstorfia purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Warnstorfia rotae",
        "authorship": "(De Not.) Wheldon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Warnstorfia stenophylla",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Wheldon"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warnstorfia_exannulata"
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        "attribution": "Martin Purdy, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
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  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": -3.3,
      "median": 6.1,
      "p95": 9.8
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 400.1,
      "median": 705.8,
      "p95": 976.5
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 13.3,
      "median": 20,
      "p95": 23.5
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -20,
      "median": -7.6,
      "p95": 1.8
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 664.1,
      "median": 1172.4,
      "p95": 2636.2
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 11.8,
      "median": 29.9,
      "p95": 59.4
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 90.1,
      "median": 168.8,
      "p95": 405.8
    },
    "n": 56,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 56 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/warnstorfia-exannulata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}