{
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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/wahlenbergia-lobelioides-l-f-link/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "wahlenbergia-lobelioides-l-f-link",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000819710",
    "inat_taxon_id": 513515
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Wahlenbergia lobelioides",
    "authorship": "(L.f.) Link",
    "genus": "Wahlenbergia",
    "epithet": "lobelioides",
    "family": "Campanulaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": true,
    "published_in": "Handbuch 1: 632 (1829)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:145817-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Campanopsis etbaica",
        "authorship": "(Schweinf.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanopsis humilis",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanopsis lobeliodes",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanopsis riparia",
        "authorship": "(A.DC.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanula humilis",
        "authorship": "D.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanula inconspicua",
        "authorship": "Banks ex A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanula juncea",
        "authorship": "hort. ex A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanula juncifolia",
        "authorship": "hort. ex A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanula lobelioides",
        "authorship": "L.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanula lobelioides",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanula nutabunda",
        "authorship": "Guss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanula parviflora",
        "authorship": "Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Campanula riparia",
        "authorship": "Leprieur & Perr. ex A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cervicina lobelioides",
        "authorship": "(L.f.) Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cervicina pendula",
        "authorship": "Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Hecale lobelioides",
        "authorship": "(L.f.) Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Laurentia etbaica",
        "authorship": "Schweinf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lobelia broussonetia",
        "authorship": "Bory"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lobelia canariensis",
        "authorship": "Hort.Par. ex A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lobelia minutiflora",
        "authorship": "Pau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roella cernua",
        "authorship": "Brouss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia etbaica",
        "authorship": "(Schweinf.) Vatke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia humilis",
        "authorship": "A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia lobelioides var. gussonei",
        "authorship": "Webb & Berth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia lobelioides var. macilenta",
        "authorship": "Webb & Berth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia nutabunda",
        "authorship": "(Guss.) A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia nutabunda var. erythraeae",
        "authorship": "Chiov."
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia pendula",
        "authorship": "Schrad."
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia riparia",
        "authorship": "A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia riparia var. clavata",
        "authorship": "Brehmer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia riparia var. etbaica",
        "authorship": "Brehmer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia riparia var. segregata",
        "authorship": "Brehmer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Wahlenbergia riparia var. virgulta",
        "authorship": "Brehmer"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
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    "usable_found": 6,
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    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
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      {
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  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALG",
      "BKN",
      "CMN",
      "CNY",
      "CVI",
      "CAF",
      "CHA",
      "DJI",
      "EGY",
      "ERI",
      "ETH",
      "GUI",
      "GNB",
      "KEN",
      "MDR",
      "MLI",
      "MTN",
      "MOR",
      "NGA",
      "SEL",
      "SEN",
      "SOC",
      "SOM",
      "SUD",
      "TUN",
      "SAU",
      "ITA",
      "SAR",
      "SIC",
      "SPA"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALG",
        "name": "Algeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "BKN",
        "name": "Burkina",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CMN",
        "name": "Cameroon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CNY",
        "name": "Canary Is.",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CVI",
        "name": "Cape Verde",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAF",
        "name": "Central African Republic",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHA",
        "name": "Chad",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "DJI",
        "name": "Djibouti",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "EGY",
        "name": "Egypt",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ERI",
        "name": "Eritrea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUI",
        "name": "Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GNB",
        "name": "Guinea-Bissau",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDR",
        "name": "Madeira",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLI",
        "name": "Mali",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MTN",
        "name": "Mauritania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGA",
        "name": "Nigeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEL",
        "name": "Selvagens",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Macaronesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEN",
        "name": "Senegal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOC",
        "name": "Socotra",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOM",
        "name": "Somalia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUN",
        "name": "Tunisia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAU",
        "name": "Saudi Arabia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 10,
    "n_annotated": 15,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual",
    "climate": "subtropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 10 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/wahlenbergia-lobelioides-l-f-link/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}