Viola mandshuricaW.Becker

WFO wfo-0001144437 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Viola mandshurica, photographed by mami_t_t
fig. a mami_t_t, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-03-27 / obs. 185036877
Viola mandshurica, photographed by mami_t_t
fig. b mami_t_t, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 184585420
Viola mandshurica, photographed by mami_t_t
fig. c mami_t_t, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 184585167
Viola mandshurica, photographed by harum.koh
fig. d harum.koh, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 183674728
Viola mandshurica, photographed by Repina Tatyana
fig. e Repina Tatyana, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 131215718
Viola mandshurica, photographed by Repina Tatyana
fig. f Repina Tatyana, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 128782684
Viola mandshurica, photographed by Yoshihiro Tokue
fig. g Yoshihiro Tokue, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 125737846
Viola mandshurica, photographed by Marco Mussita
fig. h Marco Mussita, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 119791690

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 11 botanical countries

Regions where Viola mandshurica is native: Amur, China North-Central, China Southeast, Inner Mongolia, Japan, Khabarovsk, Korea, Kuril Is., Manchuria, Ogasawara-shoto, Primorye AmurChina North-CentralChina SoutheastInner MongoliaJapanKhabarovskManchuriaPrimorye Korea
Native distribution of Viola mandshurica, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Amur AMU ASIA-TEMPERATE
China North-Central CHN
China Southeast CHS
Inner Mongolia CHI
Japan JAP
Khabarovsk KHA
Korea KOR
Kuril Is. KUR
Manchuria CHM
Ogasawara-shoto OGA
Primorye PRM

Not drawn on the map: Kuril Is., Ogasawara-shoto. We hold no public-domain boundary for these regions, so they are listed rather than guessed at.

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Also published as 15 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Viola alisoviana f. intermedia (Kitag.) Taken.
  • Viola hsinganensis Taken.
  • Viola mandshurica f. albiflora P.Y.Fu & Y.C.Teng
  • Viola mandshurica f. ciliata (Nakai) F.Maek.
  • Viola mandshurica f. glabra (Nakai) Hiyama ex Maek.
  • Viola mandshurica f. macrantha (Maxim.) Nakai & Kitag.
  • Viola mandshurica var. ciliata Nakai
  • Viola mandshurica var. glabra Nakai
  • Viola oblongosagittata f. ishizakii Yamam.
  • Viola oldhamiana Nakai
  • Viola patrinii f. glabra (Nakai) F.Maek.
  • Viola patrinii var. macrantha Maxim.
  • Viola philippica f. intermedia (Kitag.) Kitag.
  • Viola rhodosepala Kitag.
  • Viola yedoensis f. intermedia Kitag.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.