Viola collinaBesser

WFO wfo-0000426425 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Viola collina, photographed by Алексей Ябс
fig. a Алексей Ябс, CC0 1.0 / 2022-06-01 / obs. 202476363
Viola collina, photographed by Татьяна Горбушина
fig. b Татьяна Горбушина, CC0 1.0 / obs. 202143241
Viola collina, photographed by Daria
fig. c Daria, CC0 1.0 / obs. 195111448
Viola collina, photographed by Татьяна Горбушина
fig. d Татьяна Горбушина, CC0 1.0 / obs. 191343532
Viola collina, photographed by Татьяна Горбушина
fig. e Татьяна Горбушина, CC0 1.0 / obs. 191074264
Viola collina, photographed by Алексей Ябс
fig. f Алексей Ябс, CC0 1.0 / obs. 163728866
Viola collina, photographed by Татьяна Горбушина
fig. g Татьяна Горбушина, CC0 1.0 / obs. 151353096
Viola collina, photographed by Алексей Ябс
fig. h Алексей Ябс, CC0 1.0 / obs. 133137435

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 45 botanical countries

Regions where Viola collina is native: Afghanistan, Altay, Amur, Buryatiya, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Inner Mongolia, Irkutsk, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Kuril Is., Manchuria, Mongolia, Primorye, Sakhalin, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, West Siberia, Austria, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Central European Russia, Czechia-Slovakia, East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Poland, Romania, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine AfghanistanAltayAmurBuryatiyaChina North-CentralChina South-CentralChina SoutheastChitaInner MongoliaIrkutskKazakhstanKhabarovskKirgizstanManchuriaMongoliaPrimoryeSakhalinTadzhikistanUzbekistanWest SiberiaAustriaBaltic StatesBelarusBelgiumCentral European RussiaCzechia-SlovakiaEast European RussiaFinlandFranceGermanyHungaryItalyNorth European RussiaNorthwest European RussiaNorwayNW. Balkan Pen.PolandRomaniaSouth European RussiaSpainSwedenSwitzerlandUkraine Korea
Native distribution of Viola collina, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Austria AUT EUROPE
Baltic States BLT
Belarus BLR
Belgium BGM
Central European Russia RUC
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
East European Russia RUE
Finland FIN
France FRA
Germany GER
Hungary HUN
Italy ITA
North European Russia RUN
Northwest European Russia RUW
Norway NOR
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Poland POL
Romania ROM
South European Russia RUS
Spain SPA
Sweden SWE
Switzerland SWI
Ukraine UKR
Afghanistan AFG ASIA-TEMPERATE
Altay ALT
Amur AMU
Buryatiya BRY
China North-Central CHN
China South-Central CHC
China Southeast CHS
Chita CTA
Inner Mongolia CHI
Irkutsk IRK
Kazakhstan KAZ
Khabarovsk KHA
Kirgizstan KGZ
Korea KOR
Kuril Is. KUR
Manchuria CHM
Mongolia MON
Primorye PRM
Sakhalin SAK
Tadzhikistan TZK
Uzbekistan UZB
West Siberia WSB

Not drawn on the map: Kuril Is.. We hold no public-domain boundary for this region, so it is listed rather than guessed at.

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 188 in flower of 213 examined

Peak flowering in Apr. Each bar is the share of Viola collina observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 188 of 213 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 9 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 12 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Viola atrichocarpa Borbás
  • Viola centronum H.Perrier ex W.Becker
  • Viola collina var. collina
  • Viola collina var. glabricarpa K.Sun
  • Viola collina var. intramongolica Ching J.Wang
  • Viola crassicalcarata Ching J.Wang
  • Viola gymnocarpa Janka
  • Viola hirta var. collina (Besser) Regel
  • Viola microdonta Chang
  • Viola obscura Schur
  • Viola propera Jord.
  • Viola valesiaca Hausskn. ex Favrat

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.