Viola betonicifoliaSm.

WFO wfo-0001145097 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Viola betonicifolia, photographed by Nina Kerr
fig. a Nina Kerr, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-04-12 / obs. 188050597
Viola betonicifolia, photographed by Zinogre
fig. b Zinogre, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 182961491
Viola betonicifolia, photographed by 葉子
fig. c 葉子, CC0 1.0 / obs. 190266611
Viola betonicifolia, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. d Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 178617892
Viola betonicifolia, photographed by Thomas Mesaglio
fig. e Thomas Mesaglio, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 175689843
Viola betonicifolia, photographed by Nina Kerr
fig. f Nina Kerr, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 175233137
Viola betonicifolia, photographed by Bruce Cathie
fig. g Bruce Cathie, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 170192740
Viola betonicifolia, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. h Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 166396393

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 34 botanical countries

Regions where Viola betonicifolia is native: Afghanistan, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Tibet, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya, New South Wales, Norfolk Is., Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria AfghanistanChina North-CentralChina South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanJapanTaiwanTibetAssamBangladeshEast HimalayaIndiaJawaLaosLesser Sunda Is.MyanmarNepalNew GuineaPakistanPhilippinesSri LankaSulawesiSumateraThailandVietnamWest HimalayaNew South WalesQueenslandSouth AustraliaTasmaniaVictoria KoreaNansei-shotoNorfolk Is.
Native distribution of Viola betonicifolia, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Assam ASS ASIA-TROPICAL
Bangladesh BAN
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Jawa JAW
Laos LAO
Lesser Sunda Is. LSI
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
New Guinea NWG
Pakistan PAK
Philippines PHI
Sri Lanka SRL
Sulawesi SUL
Sumatera SUM
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
West Himalaya WHM
Afghanistan AFG ASIA-TEMPERATE
China North-Central CHN
China South-Central CHC
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Japan JAP
Korea KOR
Nansei-shoto NNS
Taiwan TAI
Tibet CHT
New South Wales NSW AUSTRALASIA
Norfolk Is. NFK
Queensland QLD
South Australia SOA
Tasmania TAS
Victoria VIC

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Also published as 19 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Viola betonicifolia f. pubescens H.Hara
  • Viola betonicifolia subsp. dielsiana W.Becker
  • Viola betonicifolia subsp. nepalensis (Ging.) W.Becker
  • Viola betonicifolia var. longiscapa DC.
  • Viola caespitosa D.Don
  • Viola inconspicua subsp. dielsiana W.Becker
  • Viola kashmiriana W.Becker
  • Viola longiscapa DC. ex G.Don
  • Viola maculicola Koidz.
  • Viola nilagirica Turcz.
  • Viola oblongo-sagittata Nakai
  • Viola oblongosagittata var. violascens Nakai
  • Viola patrinii var. caespitosa (D.Don) Ridl.
  • Viola patrinii var. laotiana H.Boissieu
  • Viola patrinii var. nepaulensis Ging.
  • Viola patrinii var. suaveolens Watt
  • Viola phyteumifolia DC. ex G.Don
  • Viola trinervis Korth.
  • Viola walkeri Wight

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.