{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/vincetoxicum-indicum/", "last_modified": "2024-11-20", "id": { "slug": "vincetoxicum-indicum", "wfo": "wfo-0001424572", "inat_taxon_id": 890758 }, "name": { "scientific": "Vincetoxicum indicum", "authorship": "(Burm.f.) Mabb.", "genus": "Vincetoxicum", "epithet": "indicum", "family": "Apocynaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Mabberley's Pl.-Book 1102. 2017", "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77164260-1", "common": { "preferred": "antamul", "english": [ "antamul" ], "source": "wikidata" }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Asclepias asthmatica", "authorship": "L.f." }, { "name": "Asclepias prolifera", "authorship": "Rottler ex Ainslie" }, { "name": "Asclepias tunicata", "authorship": "Hook.f." }, { "name": "Asclepias vomitoria", "authorship": "J.Koenig ex Hook.f." }, { "name": "Cynanchum flavum", "authorship": "Thunb. ex Hook.f." }, { "name": "Cynanchum indicum", "authorship": "Burm.f." }, { "name": "Cynanchum ipecacuanha", "authorship": "Willd." }, { "name": "Cynanchum mucronatum", "authorship": "Andrews" }, { "name": "Cynanchum tomentosum", "authorship": "Lam." }, { "name": "Cynanchum undatum", "authorship": "Andrews" }, { "name": "Cynanchum viridiflorum", "authorship": "Sims" }, { "name": "Cynanchum vomitorium", "authorship": "Lam." }, { "name": "Diplolepis vomitoria", "authorship": "Lindl." }, { "name": "Gonolobus mucronatus", "authorship": "Sweet" }, { "name": "Hoya planiflora", "authorship": "Wall. ex Hook.f." }, { "name": "Marsdenia vomitoria", "authorship": "Moon" }, { "name": "Sonninia vomitoria", "authorship": "(Lindl.) Kostel." }, { "name": "Tylophora asthmatica", "authorship": "(L.f.) Wight & Arn." }, { "name": "Tylophora asthmatica var. glabra", "authorship": "Decne." }, { "name": "Tylophora coilolepis", "authorship": "Schltr." }, { "name": "Tylophora flava", "authorship": "Trimen" }, { "name": "Tylophora flavescens", "authorship": "Ridl." }, { "name": "Tylophora indica", "authorship": "(Burm.f.) Merr." }, { "name": "Tylophora indica var. glabra", "authorship": "(Decne.) H.Huber" }, { "name": "Tylophora indica var. intermedia", "authorship": "M.A.Rahman & Wilcock" }, { "name": "Tylophora labuanensis", "authorship": "Schltr." }, { "name": "Tylophora lutescens", "authorship": "Decne." }, { "name": "Tylophora pubescens", "authorship": "Wall. ex Hook.f." }, { "name": "Tylophora tomentosa", "authorship": "(Lam.) G.Don" }, { "name": "Tylophora vomitoria", "authorship": "(Lam.) Voigt" }, { "name": "Vincetoxicum lutescens", "authorship": "(Decne.) Kuntze" }, { "name": "Vincetoxicum vomitorum", "authorship": "(Lam.) Kuntze" } ], "wikipedia": null }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 27, "licences": [ "CC0", "CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 62410689, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Siddarth Machado", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/siddarthmachado", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/9cb1a334-9cac-438c-967f-b87edb4d2df8", "observed_on": "2020-02-26", "lat": 12.875, "lon": 75.469, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 683 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/62410689/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/62410689/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/62410689/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/62410689/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { 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"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Siddarth Machado", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/siddarthmachado", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/290bfc33-526d-4f0d-be9f-351ed09ecbb0", "observed_on": "2017-08-26", "lat": 12.092, "lon": 77.321, "original": { "width": 683, "height": 1024 }, "widths": [ 400 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/50365383/r1/400.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/50365383/r1/400.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Siddarth Machado, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" } ] }, "native_range": { "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3", "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "excludes": [ "introduced", "extinct", "location_doubtful" ], "codes": [ "AND", "ASS", "BAN", "BOR", "CBD", "IND", "LDV", "LAO", "MLY", "MYA", "NCB", "SRL", "SUM", "THA", "VIE" ], "regions": [ { "code": "AND", "name": "Andaman Is.", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indo-China" }, { "code": "ASS", "name": "Assam", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indian Subcontinent" }, { "code": "BAN", "name": "Bangladesh", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indian Subcontinent" }, { "code": "BOR", "name": "Borneo", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Malesia" }, { "code": "CBD", "name": "Cambodia", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indo-China" }, { "code": "IND", "name": "India", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indian Subcontinent" }, { "code": "LDV", "name": "Laccadive Is.", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indian Subcontinent" }, { "code": "LAO", "name": "Laos", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indo-China" }, { "code": "MLY", "name": "Malaya", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Malesia" }, { "code": "MYA", "name": "Myanmar", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indo-China" }, { "code": "NCB", "name": "Nicobar Is.", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indo-China" }, { "code": "SRL", "name": "Sri Lanka", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indian Subcontinent" }, { "code": "SUM", "name": "Sumatera", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Malesia" }, { "code": "THA", "name": "Thailand", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indo-China" }, { "code": "VIE", "name": "Vietnam", "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL", "region": "Indo-China" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 5, "n_annotated": 5, "sufficient": false, "doi": null, "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "climbing subshrub or climbing shrub", "climate": "seasonally dry tropical" }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Wikidata", "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-13" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "phenology", "status": "insufficient_evidence", "reason": "Only 5 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/vincetoxicum-indicum/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }