{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/viburnum-tinus/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "viburnum-tinus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000422887",
    "inat_taxon_id": 82666
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Viburnum tinus",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Viburnum",
    "epithet": "tinus",
    "family": "Viburnaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 267 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": null,
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Laurustinus",
      "english": [
        "Laurustinus",
        "laurustinus"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Tinus laurifolius",
        "authorship": "Borkh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tynus lauriformis",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tynus lucidus",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Viburnum latifolium",
        "authorship": "Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Viburnum lauriforme",
        "authorship": "Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Viburnum lucidum",
        "authorship": "Mill."
      },
      {
        "name": "Viburnum tinus var. hirtum",
        "authorship": "Aiton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Viburnum tinus var. lucidum",
        "authorship": "(Mill.) Aiton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Viburnum tinus var. strictum",
        "authorship": "Aiton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Viburnum tinus var. subcordatum",
        "authorship": "Trel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Viburnum tinus var. virgatum",
        "authorship": "Aiton"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viburnum_tinus"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 663,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 193471589,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "naturewatchwidow",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/naturewatchwidow",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2d971a99-82b3-4a59-bfbf-53b2dba36da9",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-02",
        "lat": -41.308,
        "lon": 174.788,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/193471589/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/193471589/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/193471589/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/193471589/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "naturewatchwidow, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 192239796,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Elizabete Marchante",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/emarchante",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/f56578a4-d59e-4126-94d5-2018d437e640",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-30",
        "lat": 39.489,
        "lon": -7.966,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 576
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/192239796/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/192239796/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/192239796/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/192239796/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Elizabete Marchante, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 188547322,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "David Delon",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/ddelon",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2ecffea0-dab3-4f28-a959-3e5237539027",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-16",
        "lat": 43.746,
        "lon": 3.783,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/188547322/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/188547322/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/188547322/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/188547322/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "David Delon, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 187323066,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Santiago Martín-Bravo",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/martin-bravo",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/376ba7ff-29a3-45cd-a3f5-d9b5c72fe74c",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-10",
        "lat": 37.923,
        "lon": -6.715,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 461
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187323066/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187323066/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187323066/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/187323066/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Santiago Martín-Bravo, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 186710249,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Tania Walisch",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/taniaw",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2426b009-404d-41a9-95b3-bc178fe9ad2f",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-07",
        "lat": 43.588,
        "lon": 11.333,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186710249/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186710249/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186710249/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186710249/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Tania Walisch, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 189230235,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Y. Liu",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/y_liu_math",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/516490c5-0499-4315-9f6e-9ba3af3cd59e",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-01",
        "lat": 41.591,
        "lon": 1.828,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/189230235/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/189230235/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/189230235/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/189230235/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Y. Liu, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 184896503,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Olivier Argagnon",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/olivier_argagnon",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/6a717c38-275e-4dd7-a3fd-3c50796f2325",
        "observed_on": "2022-03-27",
        "lat": 43.767,
        "lon": 3.925,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/184896503/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/184896503/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/184896503/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/184896503/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Olivier Argagnon, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 186026577,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jacqueline Jeanne",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jacqueline_jeanne",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/a5f4f53c-ecda-4a77-b926-f397533dd560",
        "observed_on": "2022-03-27",
        "lat": 42.544,
        "lon": 3.014,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 684
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186026577/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186026577/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186026577/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186026577/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jacqueline Jeanne, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALG",
      "LBY",
      "MOR",
      "TUN",
      "CYP",
      "EAI",
      "LBS",
      "PAL",
      "TUR",
      "ALB",
      "BAL",
      "COR",
      "FRA",
      "GRC",
      "ITA",
      "YUG",
      "POR",
      "SAR",
      "SIC",
      "SPA"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALG",
        "name": "Algeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBY",
        "name": "Libya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUN",
        "name": "Tunisia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CYP",
        "name": "Cyprus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "EAI",
        "name": "East Aegean Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBS",
        "name": "Lebanon-Syria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAL",
        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAL",
        "name": "Baleares",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 622,
    "n_annotated": 1177,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      68,
      143,
      199,
      75,
      23,
      12,
      8,
      10,
      26,
      18,
      15,
      25
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      120,
      198,
      227,
      114,
      69,
      42,
      38,
      56,
      82,
      79,
      78,
      74
    ],
    "share": [
      0.5667,
      0.7222,
      0.8767,
      0.6579,
      0.3333,
      0.2857,
      0.2105,
      0.1786,
      0.3171,
      0.2278,
      0.1923,
      0.3378
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.4773,
        0.6519
      ],
      [
        0.6561,
        0.7799
      ],
      [
        0.8275,
        0.9133
      ],
      [
        0.5669,
        0.7386
      ],
      [
        0.2335,
        0.4507
      ],
      [
        0.1717,
        0.4357
      ],
      [
        0.1107,
        0.3635
      ],
      [
        0.1,
        0.2984
      ],
      [
        0.2265,
        0.424
      ],
      [
        0.1493,
        0.3317
      ],
      [
        0.1202,
        0.2934
      ],
      [
        0.2405,
        0.4512
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 3,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 402,
      "by_month": [
        37,
        29,
        19,
        27,
        27,
        21,
        22,
        34,
        45,
        59,
        55,
        27
      ],
      "share": [
        0.3083,
        0.1465,
        0.0837,
        0.2368,
        0.3913,
        0.5,
        0.5789,
        0.6071,
        0.5488,
        0.7468,
        0.7051,
        0.3649
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.2327,
          0.3958
        ],
        [
          0.104,
          0.2024
        ],
        [
          0.0542,
          0.127
        ],
        [
          0.1682,
          0.3227
        ],
        [
          0.2848,
          0.5093
        ],
        [
          0.3553,
          0.6447
        ],
        [
          0.4219,
          0.7215
        ],
        [
          0.4763,
          0.7242
        ],
        [
          0.4413,
          0.6519
        ],
        [
          0.6411,
          0.8297
        ],
        [
          0.5962,
          0.7948
        ],
        [
          0.2644,
          0.4787
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 10
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub or tree",
    "climate": "subtropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/viburnum-tinus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}