Verbena officinalisL.

Common vervain

WFO wfo-0000332143 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Verbena officinalis, photographed by Pete Bradshaw
fig. a Pete Bradshaw, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-08 / obs. 204423223
Verbena officinalis, photographed by Marc Riera
fig. b Marc Riera, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 200958730
Verbena officinalis, photographed by Eleftherios Katsillis
fig. c Eleftherios Katsillis, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 199285269
Verbena officinalis, photographed by Jon Mortin
fig. d Jon Mortin, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 191127428
Verbena officinalis, photographed by Oscar Alejandro Morales Juárez
fig. e Oscar Alejandro Morales Juárez, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 195406659
Verbena officinalis, photographed by Tony Rebelo
fig. f Tony Rebelo, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 186916301
Verbena officinalis, photographed by Joe Dillon
fig. g Joe Dillon, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 174998178
Verbena officinalis, photographed by Caleb Catto
fig. h Caleb Catto, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 165051298

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Confused withby our own model

These are not lookalikes we guessed at. Each one is a species our identification model genuinely mistook for this plant, and how many times. The error rate is published.

Flowering n = 1,729 observations

Peak flowering in Aug, from 1,729 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.

Also published as 38 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Verbena adricana (R.Fern. & Verdc.) P.W.Michael
  • Verbena adulterina Hausskn. ex Nyman
  • Verbena adulterina Hausskn.
  • Verbena africana (R.Fern. & Verdc.) P.W.Michael
  • Verbena domingensis Urb.
  • Verbena domingensis f. foliosa Moldenke
  • Verbena domingensis var. cubensis Moldenke
  • Verbena macrostachya F.Muell.
  • Verbena officinalis f. albiflora S.H.Jin & D.D.Ma
  • Verbena officinalis f. anomala Moldenke
  • Verbena officinalis f. fimbriata Kereszty
  • Verbena officinalis f. lobata Kereszty
  • Verbena officinalis f. microphylla Kereszty
  • Verbena officinalis subsp. africana R.Fern. & Verdc.
  • Verbena officinalis subsp. officinalis
  • Verbena officinalis var. anatolica Kereszty
  • Verbena officinalis var. eremicola Munir
  • Verbena officinalis var. grandiflora Hausskn.
  • Verbena officinalis var. illyrica Kereszty
  • Verbena officinalis var. latiloba Sennen
  • Verbena officinalis var. macrophylla Kereszty
  • Verbena officinalis var. macrostachya (F.Muell.) Benth.
  • Verbena officinalis var. minima Kereszty
  • Verbena officinalis var. monticola Munir

and 14 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.