Verbena litoralisKunth

seashore vervain

WFO wfo-0000332038 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Verbena litoralis, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. a Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / 2022-05-28 / obs. 201172822
Verbena litoralis, photographed by Adriel Magnetti
fig. b Adriel Magnetti, CC0 1.0 / obs. 188796450
Verbena litoralis, photographed by Lincayaren Trujillo Olivares
fig. c Lincayaren Trujillo Olivares, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 189614388
Verbena litoralis, photographed by Romi Galeota Lencina
fig. d Romi Galeota Lencina, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 184654191
Verbena litoralis, photographed by Bahiano Ayala
fig. e Bahiano Ayala, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 188748790
Verbena litoralis, photographed by Pablo Bombín
fig. f Pablo Bombín, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 166835910
Verbena litoralis, photographed by Germán Saigo
fig. g Germán Saigo, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 165367191
Verbena litoralis, photographed by Bruno Avilez
fig. h Bruno Avilez, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 172875019

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 28 botanical countries

Regions where Verbena litoralis is native: Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Chile Central, Chile North, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Galápagos, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela Mexico CentralMexico GulfMexico NortheastMexico NorthwestMexico SoutheastMexico SouthwestArgentina NortheastArgentina NorthwestBelizeBoliviaBrazil SouthBrazil SoutheastBrazil West-CentralChile CentralChile NorthColombiaCosta RicaEcuadorEl SalvadorGuatemalaHondurasNicaraguaPanamáParaguayPeruUruguayVenezuela Galápagos
Native distribution of Verbena litoralis, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Argentina Northeast AGE SOUTHERN AMERICA
Argentina Northwest AGW
Belize BLZ
Bolivia BOL
Brazil South BZS
Brazil Southeast BZL
Brazil West-Central BZC
Chile Central CLC
Chile North CLN
Colombia CLM
Costa Rica COS
Ecuador ECU
El Salvador ELS
Galápagos GAL
Guatemala GUA
Honduras HON
Nicaragua NIC
Panamá PAN
Paraguay PAR
Peru PER
Uruguay URU
Venezuela VEN
Mexico Central MXC NORTHERN AMERICA
Mexico Gulf MXG
Mexico Northeast MXE
Mexico Northwest MXN
Mexico Southeast MXT
Mexico Southwest MXS

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 153 in flower of 155 examined

Peak flowering in Jan. Each bar is the share of Verbena litoralis observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 153 of 155 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 33 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Verbena affinis M.Martens & Galeotti
  • Verbena bonariensis var. litoralis (Kunth) Hook. ex Müll.Berol.
  • Verbena bonariensis var. litoralis (Kunth) Gillies & Hook. ex Hook.
  • Verbena brasiliensis var. subglabrata Moldenke
  • Verbena cajamarcensis Binder ex Molinari
  • Verbena caracasana Kunth
  • Verbena carolina var. glabra Moldenke
  • Verbena gentryi Moldenke
  • Verbena glabrata var. tenuispicata Moldenke
  • Verbena integrifolia Sessé & Moc.
  • Verbena integrifolia f. albiflora Moldenke
  • Verbena lanceolata Willd. ex Spreng.
  • Verbena litoralis f. albiflora (Moldenke) Moldenke
  • Verbena litoralis f. litoralis
  • Verbena litoralis f. magnifolia Moldenke
  • Verbena litoralis var. albiflora Moldenke
  • Verbena litoralis var. caracasana (Kunth) Briq.
  • Verbena litoralis var. glabrior Benth.
  • Verbena litoralis var. leptostachya Schauer
  • Verbena litoralis var. litoralis
  • Verbena litoralis var. melanopotamica Hauman
  • Verbena litoralis var. portoricensis Moldenke
  • Verbena litoralis var. pycnostachya Schauer
  • Verbena litoralis var. subglabrata (Moldenke) N.O'Leary & Múlgura

and 9 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.