Verbena canadensis(L.) Britton

rose mock vervain

WFO wfo-0000331732 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Verbena canadensis, photographed by Thomas Koffel
fig. a Thomas Koffel, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-02 / obs. 204294346
Verbena canadensis, photographed by Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）
fig. b Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 200180840
Verbena canadensis, photographed by Pam Morgan
fig. c Pam Morgan, CC0 1.0 / obs. 198705722
Verbena canadensis, photographed by Craig Martin
fig. d Craig Martin, CC0 1.0 / obs. 194566065
Verbena canadensis, photographed by Alaina Krakowiak
fig. e Alaina Krakowiak, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 193216680
Verbena canadensis, photographed by Ryan Sorrells
fig. f Ryan Sorrells, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 191167284
Verbena canadensis, photographed by Brian Finzel
fig. g Brian Finzel, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 190499124
Verbena canadensis, photographed by Dominic
fig. h Dominic, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 189124249

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 28 botanical countries

Regions where Verbena canadensis is native: Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin AlabamaArkansasConnecticutFloridaGeorgiaIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriNebraskaNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaOhioOklahomaPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaTennesseeTexasVirginiaWest VirginiaWisconsin
Native distribution of Verbena canadensis, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Alabama ALA NORTHERN AMERICA
Arkansas ARK
Connecticut CNT
Florida FLA
Georgia GEO
Illinois ILL
Indiana INI
Iowa IOW
Kansas KAN
Kentucky KTY
Louisiana LOU
Michigan MIC
Minnesota MIN
Mississippi MSI
Missouri MSO
Nebraska NEB
New Mexico NWM
New York NWY
North Carolina NCA
Ohio OHI
Oklahoma OKL
Pennsylvania PEN
South Carolina SCA
Tennessee TEN
Texas TEX
Virginia VRG
West Virginia WVA
Wisconsin WIS

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 256 in flower of 259 examined

Peak flowering in Apr. Each bar is the share of Verbena canadensis observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 256 of 259 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 6 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 27 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Billardiera explanata Moench
  • Buchnera canadensis L.
  • Buchnera canadensis L.
  • Glandularia aubletia (Jacq.) Nutt.
  • Glandularia canadensis Small
  • Glandularia canadensis (L.) Small
  • Glandularia canadensis f. candissima (F.Haage & E.Schmidt) Umber
  • Glandularia carolinensis J.F.Gmel.
  • Glandularia drummondii (W.H.Baxter) Small
  • Glandularia lambertii (Sims) Small
  • Verbena aubletia Jacq.
  • Verbena aubletia var. drummondii Lindl.
  • Verbena aubletia var. lambertii (Sims) M.E.Jones
  • Verbena canadensis f. candidissima (F.Haage & E.Schmidt) E.J.Palmer & Steyerm.
  • Verbena canadensis subsp. elegans Thell.
  • Verbena canadensis var. candidissima F.Haage & E.Schmidt
  • Verbena canadensis var. candisissima J.N.Haage & Schmidt
  • Verbena canadensis var. ehrenbergii Thell.
  • Verbena canadensis var. lambertii Thell.
  • Verbena drummondii W.H.Baxter
  • Verbena grandiflora Steud.
  • Verbena intermedia Penny ex G.Don
  • Verbena lambertii Sims
  • Verbena lambertii var. rosea D.Don

and 3 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. USDA PLANTS Database. common name, checklist symbol GLCA2. public domain. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.