{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/verbascum-lychnitis/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "verbascum-lychnitis", "wfo": "wfo-0000420406", "inat_taxon_id": 133231 }, "name": { "scientific": "Verbascum lychnitis", "authorship": "L.", "genus": "Verbascum", "epithet": "lychnitis", "family": "Scrophulariaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 177 (1753)", "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:769963-1", "common": { "preferred": "white mullein", "english": [ "white mullein" ], "source": "wikidata" }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Blattaria alba", "authorship": "Medik." }, { "name": "Lychnitis alba", "authorship": "Fourr." }, { "name": "Lychnitis lutea", "authorship": "Fourr." }, { "name": "Thapsus lychnitis", "authorship": "(L.) Raf." }, { "name": "Verbascum album", "authorship": "Mill." }, { "name": "Verbascum biebersteinii", "authorship": "Besser" }, { "name": "Verbascum bracteatum", "authorship": "J.Presl & C.Presl" }, { "name": "Verbascum firmum", "authorship": "Dulac" }, { "name": "Verbascum leucanthemum", "authorship": "Dufour ex Gren. & Godr." }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitideum", "authorship": "St.-Lag." }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis f. album", "authorship": "House" }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis f. cuspidata", "authorship": "H.Lindb. ex Cajander" }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis f. rochelianum", "authorship": "Soó" }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis subvar. albiflorum", "authorship": "Rouy" }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis subvar. aureiflorum", "authorship": "Rouy" }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. album", "authorship": "Mérat" }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. album", "authorship": "(Mill.) Hartm." }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. foliosum", "authorship": "Vayr." }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. giganteum", "authorship": "Maire" }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. gymnostemon", "authorship": "Franch." }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. longebracteatum", "authorship": "Rouy" }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. longibracteatum", "authorship": "Rouy" }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. luteum", "authorship": "Hartm." }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. moenchii", "authorship": "(Schultz) Boenn." }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. parvulum", "authorship": "Bréb." }, { "name": "Verbascum lychnitis var. pulverulentum", "authorship": "Lej." }, { "name": "Verbascum micranthum", "authorship": "Moretti" }, { "name": "Verbascum moenchii", "authorship": "Schultz" }, { "name": "Verbascum parvoflore", "authorship": "Gilib." }, { "name": "Verbascum pulverulentum", "authorship": "Salisb." }, { "name": "Verbascum ramosissimum", "authorship": "Poir." }, { "name": "Verbascum repandum", "authorship": "Rochel" }, { "name": "Verbascum rhombifolium", "authorship": "Stokes" }, { "name": "Verbascum sylvestre", "authorship": "Bubani" }, { "name": "Verbascum weldenii", "authorship": "F.Braun ex Moretti" }, { "name": "Veronica biebersteinii", "authorship": "(Besser) Hassk." } ], "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbascum_lychnitis" }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 960, "licences": [ "CC0", "CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 201506476, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Pavel Kacl", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/pavel_kacl", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/43f62201-2957-4a7e-ae00-21caf540a48b", "observed_on": "2022-05-28", "lat": 49.932, "lon": 14.188, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 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"continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Caucasus" }, { "code": "TCS", "name": "Transcaucasus", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Caucasus" }, { "code": "WSB", "name": "West Siberia", "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE", "region": "Siberia" }, { "code": "ALB", "name": "Albania", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "AUT", "name": "Austria", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "BGM", "name": "Belgium", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "BUL", "name": "Bulgaria", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "RUC", "name": "Central European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "COR", "name": "Corse", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "CZE", "name": "Czechia-Slovakia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "DEN", "name": "Denmark", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "FRA", "name": "France", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "GER", "name": "Germany", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "GRB", "name": "Great Britain", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "GRC", "name": "Greece", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "HUN", "name": "Hungary", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "ITA", "name": "Italy", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "KRY", "name": "Krym", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "YUG", "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "NET", "name": "Netherlands", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "POL", "name": "Poland", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "ROM", "name": "Romania", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "RUS", "name": "South European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "SPA", "name": "Spain", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "SWI", "name": "Switzerland", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "UKR", "name": "Ukraine", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 508, "n_annotated": 582, "sufficient": true, "by_month": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 16, 202, 151, 68, 34, 29, 7, 0 ], "annotated_by_month": [ 1, 1, 1, 8, 43, 215, 157, 76, 38, 32, 9, 1 ], "share": [ null, null, null, 0.125, 0.3721, 0.9395, 0.9618, 0.8947, 0.8947, 0.9062, 0.7778, null ], "ci": [ null, null, null, [ 0.0224, 0.4709 ], [ 0.2438, 0.5214 ], [ 0.8993, 0.9643 ], [ 0.9191, 0.9824 ], [ 0.8058, 0.9457 ], [ 0.7587, 0.9583 ], [ 0.7578, 0.9676 ], [ 0.4526, 0.9368 ], null ], "peak_month": 7, "peak_basis": "share", "min_month_n": 5, "fruiting": { "n": 66, "by_month": [ 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 14, 20, 15, 8, 4, 0 ], "share": [ null, null, null, 0.125, 0, 0.014, 0.0892, 0.2632, 0.3947, 0.25, 0.4444, null ], "ci": [ null, null, null, [ 0.0224, 0.4709 ], [ 0, 0.082 ], [ 0.0048, 0.0402 ], [ 0.0539, 0.1441 ], [ 0.1773, 0.3718 ], [ 0.256, 0.5528 ], [ 0.1325, 0.4211 ], [ 0.1888, 0.7334 ], null ], "peak_month": 11 }, "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "biennial", "climate": "temperate" }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Wikidata", "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-13" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/verbascum-lychnitis/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }