{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/tulipa-sylvestris/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "tulipa-sylvestris",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000746765",
    "inat_taxon_id": 55798
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Tulipa sylvestris",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Tulipa",
    "epithet": "sylvestris",
    "family": "Liliaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 305 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:543106-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Dutch-lily",
      "english": [
        "Dutch-lily",
        "Tulip",
        "Wild tulip",
        "wild tulip"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Lilium bononiense",
        "authorship": "E.H.L.Krause"
      },
      {
        "name": "Liriopogon celsianus",
        "authorship": "(Redouté) Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Liriopogon sylvestre",
        "authorship": "(L.) Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Liriopogon sylvestris",
        "authorship": "Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa abatinoi",
        "authorship": "Borzì & Mattei"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa abatinoi var. aurea",
        "authorship": "Borzì & Mattei"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa acrocarpa",
        "authorship": "Jord. ex Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa alpestris",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa aurea",
        "authorship": "Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis",
        "authorship": "Link"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis prol. alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Jord. & Fourr.) Rouy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis subsp. gallica",
        "authorship": "(Delaun. ex Loisel.) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis subsp. mauritii",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis subsp. montana",
        "authorship": "(Kunze) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis subsp. transtagana",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) K.Richt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Jord. & Fourr.) Gaut."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Jord. & Fourr.) Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. alpestris",
        "authorship": "P.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. campestris",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. celsiana",
        "authorship": "(Redouté) Levier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. fragrans",
        "authorship": "(Munby) Levier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. gallica",
        "authorship": "(Delaun. ex Loisel.) Levier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. melillensis",
        "authorship": "Sennen & Mauricio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. montana",
        "authorship": "(Kunze) Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. parviflora",
        "authorship": "Willk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa australis var. transtagana",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) Levier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa balcanica",
        "authorship": "Velen."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa bessarabica",
        "authorship": "Zapał."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa biebersteiniana",
        "authorship": "Schult. & Schult.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa biebersteiniana var. tricolor",
        "authorship": "(Klokov & Zoz) Knjaz., Kulikov & E.G.Philippov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa breyniana",
        "authorship": "Ker Gawl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa browniana",
        "authorship": "E.Vilm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa brujniana",
        "authorship": "Roxb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa callieri",
        "authorship": "Halácsy & Levier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa caucasica",
        "authorship": "Orph. ex Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa celsiana",
        "authorship": "J.Henning"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa celsiana",
        "authorship": "Redouté"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa celsiana var. alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Jord. & Fourr.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa celsiana var. fragrans",
        "authorship": "(Munby) Batt. & Trab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa celsiana var. maculata",
        "authorship": "(Roth) Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa celsiana var. montana",
        "authorship": "(Kunze) Batt. & Trab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa celsiana var. transtagana",
        "authorship": "(Brot.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa cuspidata",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa elwesii",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa florentina",
        "authorship": "Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa fragrans",
        "authorship": "Munby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa fragrans var. montana",
        "authorship": "(Kunze) T.Durand & Schinz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa fragrans var. scappuccii",
        "authorship": "Vacc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa gallica",
        "authorship": "Delaun. ex Loisel."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa gallica f. armoricana",
        "authorship": "Hy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa gallica var. australis",
        "authorship": "(Link) Hy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa gallica var. occidentalis",
        "authorship": "Hy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa grandiflora",
        "authorship": "Hy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa graniticola",
        "authorship": "(Klokov & Zoz) Klokov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa grisebachiana",
        "authorship": "Pant."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa grisebachii",
        "authorship": "Borbás"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa hypanica",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa maculata",
        "authorship": "Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa maculata",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa marshalliana",
        "authorship": "Andrz. ex Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa microgyna",
        "authorship": "Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa ophiophylla",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa ophiophylla subsp. bestashica",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa ophiophylla subsp. donetica",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa ophiophylla subsp. graniticola",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa paschalis",
        "authorship": "Sennen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa patens",
        "authorship": "C.Agardh"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa primulina",
        "authorship": "Baker"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa pumila",
        "authorship": "Tausch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa pumila",
        "authorship": "Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa quercetorum",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa quercetorum var. tricolor",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa riparia",
        "authorship": "Knjaz., Kulikov & E.G.Philippov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa riparia var. lutea",
        "authorship": "Knjaz., Kulikov & E.G.Philippov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa samarica",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sareptana",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa scythica",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sibirica",
        "authorship": "Patrin ex Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris",
        "authorship": "M.Bieb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris f. aurea",
        "authorship": "(Borzì & Mattei) Pamp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris f. fragrans",
        "authorship": "(Munby) Pamp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris f. montana",
        "authorship": "(Kunze) Pamp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris f. scappuccii",
        "authorship": "Pamp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris subsp. balcanica",
        "authorship": "(Velen.) Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris subsp. celsiana",
        "authorship": "(Redouté) Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris subsp. cuspidata",
        "authorship": "(Regel) Maire & Weiller"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris subsp. gallica",
        "authorship": "(Delaun. ex Loisel.) Douin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris subsp. grandiflora",
        "authorship": "(Hy) Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris subsp. grisebachiana",
        "authorship": "(Pant.) Hayek"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. alpestris",
        "authorship": "(Jord. & Fourr.) O.Bolòs & Vigo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. biebersteiniana",
        "authorship": "(Schult. & Schult.f.) Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. celsiana",
        "authorship": "(Redouté) Levier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. fragrans",
        "authorship": "(Munby) Levier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. gallica",
        "authorship": "(Delaun. ex Loisel.) Kunze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. herbetei",
        "authorship": "Sennen & Mauricio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. mauritii",
        "authorship": "Valdés"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. mediterranea",
        "authorship": "Pamp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. melillensis",
        "authorship": "Sennen & Mauricio"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. minor",
        "authorship": "Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. montana",
        "authorship": "Kunze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. niphontiana",
        "authorship": "Czern."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. primulina",
        "authorship": "(Baker) Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. prinzeriana",
        "authorship": "Bolzon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa sylvestris var. tricolor",
        "authorship": "(Ledeb.) Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa talijevi",
        "authorship": "Klokov & Zoz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa tchitounyi",
        "authorship": "Azn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa tenuiscapa",
        "authorship": "Pomel ex Batt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa thirkeana",
        "authorship": "K.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa transtagana",
        "authorship": "Brot."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa tricolor",
        "authorship": "Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa turcica",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tulipa valerii",
        "authorship": "Zoz & Klokov"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulipa_sylvestris"
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        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Андрей Козлов",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/kozlovaa",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/55d07776-6179-4656-a01b-dc3870592710",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-02",
        "lat": 51.618,
        "lon": 53.291,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/194433151/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/194433151/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/194433151/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/194433151/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Андрей Козлов, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALG",
      "LBY",
      "MOR",
      "TUN",
      "ALT",
      "IRN",
      "KAZ",
      "NCS",
      "TCS",
      "TUR",
      "WSB",
      "CHX",
      "ALB",
      "BLR",
      "BUL",
      "RUC",
      "RUE",
      "FRA",
      "GRC",
      "ITA",
      "KRY",
      "YUG",
      "POR",
      "ROM",
      "SAR",
      "SIC",
      "RUS",
      "SPA",
      "SWI",
      "UKR"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALG",
        "name": "Algeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBY",
        "name": "Libya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUN",
        "name": "Tunisia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 4162,
    "n_annotated": 5023,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      0,
      21,
      278,
      2566,
      1099,
      177,
      11,
      5,
      0,
      1,
      4,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      5,
      67,
      398,
      2979,
      1298,
      225,
      27,
      7,
      3,
      8,
      4,
      2
    ],
    "share": [
      0,
      0.3134,
      0.6985,
      0.8614,
      0.8467,
      0.7867,
      0.4074,
      0.7143,
      null,
      0.125,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0,
        0.4345
      ],
      [
        0.2151,
        0.432
      ],
      [
        0.6517,
        0.7415
      ],
      [
        0.8485,
        0.8733
      ],
      [
        0.8261,
        0.8653
      ],
      [
        0.7286,
        0.8351
      ],
      [
        0.2451,
        0.5927
      ],
      [
        0.3589,
        0.9178
      ],
      null,
      [
        0.0224,
        0.4709
      ],
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 4,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 245,
      "by_month": [
        1,
        1,
        0,
        60,
        110,
        44,
        16,
        2,
        3,
        7,
        0,
        1
      ],
      "share": [
        0.2,
        0.0149,
        0,
        0.0201,
        0.0847,
        0.1956,
        0.5926,
        0.2857,
        null,
        0.875,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.0362,
          0.6245
        ],
        [
          0.0026,
          0.0798
        ],
        [
          0,
          0.0096
        ],
        [
          0.0157,
          0.0258
        ],
        [
          0.0708,
          0.1011
        ],
        [
          0.149,
          0.2523
        ],
        [
          0.4073,
          0.7549
        ],
        [
          0.0822,
          0.6411
        ],
        null,
        [
          0.5291,
          0.9776
        ],
        null,
        null
      ],
      "peak_month": 10
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "bulbous geophyte",
    "climate": null
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 4.8,
      "median": 9.6,
      "p95": 15.2
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 513.4,
      "median": 749.7,
      "p95": 1142.1
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 18.9,
      "median": 25.3,
      "p95": 30.5
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -13.2,
      "median": -3.6,
      "p95": 3.3
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 375.3,
      "median": 660.2,
      "p95": 1368.7
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 12.5,
      "median": 24.4,
      "p95": 46.1
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 52,
      "median": 111.5,
      "p95": 238.4
    },
    "n": 1993,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 1993 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/tulipa-sylvestris/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}