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  "last_modified": "2026-06-10",
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    "scientific": "Trifolium lupinaster",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Trifolium",
    "epithet": "lupinaster",
    "family": "Fabaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 766 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.legumedata.org/taxonomy/taxon/2439259",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "lupine clover",
      "english": [
        "lupine clover"
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      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster albens",
        "authorship": "Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster albus",
        "authorship": "Link"
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      {
        "name": "Lupinaster angustifolius",
        "authorship": "(Litv.) Knjaz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster baicalensis",
        "authorship": "(Belyaeva & Sipliv.) Roskov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster litwinowii",
        "authorship": "(Iljin) Roskov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster pacificus",
        "authorship": "(Bobrov) Latsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster pentaphyllus",
        "authorship": "Moench"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster pentaphyllus subsp. albiflorus",
        "authorship": "(Ser.) Soják"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster pentaphyllus subsp. albus",
        "authorship": "(Link) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster pentaphyllus subsp. angustifolius",
        "authorship": "(Litv.) Soják"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster pentaphyllus var. albiflorus",
        "authorship": "(Ser.) Bobrov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster pentaphyllus var. albus",
        "authorship": "(Link) Knjaz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster popovii",
        "authorship": "Roskov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster purpurascens",
        "authorship": "Fisch. ex DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster romanicus",
        "authorship": "(D.Brândză) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Lupinaster spryginii",
        "authorship": "(Belyaeva & Sipliv.) Knjaz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pentaphyllon ammani",
        "authorship": "Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pentaphyllon lupinaster",
        "authorship": "(L.) Pers."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium albens",
        "authorship": "Fisch. ex G.Don"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium angustifolium",
        "authorship": "(Litv.) Iljin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium baicalense",
        "authorship": "Belyaeva & Sipliv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium cisvolgense",
        "authorship": "Sprygin ex Iljin & Trukhaleva"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium ciswolgense",
        "authorship": "Sprygin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium ciswolgense",
        "authorship": "Sprygin ex Iljin & Trukh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium dimidiatum",
        "authorship": "Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium litwinowii",
        "authorship": "Iljin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster f. albiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Ser.) Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster f. albiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Ser.) P.Y.Fu & Y.A.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster f. alpinum",
        "authorship": "(Nakai) M.Park"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster f. angustifolium",
        "authorship": "Litv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster f. purpureum",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster subsp. lupinaster",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster subsp. pacificum",
        "authorship": "(Bobrov) Kamelin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster subsp. popovii",
        "authorship": "(Roskov) Kamelin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster var. albiflorum",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster var. alpinum",
        "authorship": "Nakai"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster var. lupinaster",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster var. oblongifolium",
        "authorship": "Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster var. obtusifolium",
        "authorship": "Belli"
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      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster var. pumilum",
        "authorship": "Popov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "Ledeb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinaster var. pygmaeum",
        "authorship": "Regel & Herder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium lupinastrum",
        "authorship": "St.-Lag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Trifolium pacificum",
        "authorship": "Bobrov"
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      {
        "name": "Trifolium popovii",
        "authorship": "(Roskov) Gubanov & Kamelin"
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      {
        "name": "Trifolium romanicum",
        "authorship": "D.Brândză"
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      {
        "name": "Trifolium spryginii",
        "authorship": "Belyaeva & Sipliv."
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      2,
      0,
      1
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      0.8,
      0.9688,
      0.96,
      0.8,
      0.2857,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      [
        0.6269,
        0.905
      ],
      [
        0.9121,
        0.9893
      ],
      [
        0.9016,
        0.9843
      ],
      [
        0.6411,
        0.8996
      ],
      [
        0.1172,
        0.5465
      ],
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 6,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/trifolium-lupinaster/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}