{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/tortula-subulata/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-03",
  "id": {
    "slug": "tortula-subulata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001154125",
    "inat_taxon_id": 169831
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Tortula subulata",
    "authorship": "Hedw.",
    "genus": "Tortula",
    "epithet": "subulata",
    "family": "Pottiaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Musc. Frond.: 122. 1801.",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.bryonames.org/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "tortula moss",
      "english": [
        "tortula moss"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Barbula aciphylla var. mucronata",
        "authorship": "Sendtn. ex Molendo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula angustata",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Macoun & Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula hercynica",
        "authorship": "(Schrad. ex P.Beauv.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula muralis var. hercynica",
        "authorship": "(Schrad. ex P.Beauv.) Röhl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula ruralis var. mucronata",
        "authorship": "(Sendtn. ex Molendo) Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula subulata",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula subulata subsp. angustata",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula subulata var. angustata",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula subulata var. dentata",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula subulata var. elongata",
        "authorship": "M.T.Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula subulata var. integrifolia",
        "authorship": "Boulay"
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula subulata var. mucronata",
        "authorship": "Farneti"
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula subulata var. recurvomarginata",
        "authorship": "(Breidl. ex Limpr.) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Barbula subulata var. subinermis",
        "authorship": "Bruch & Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Bryum subulatum",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) With."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmatodon subulatus",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) Jur."
      },
      {
        "name": "Desmatodon subulatus var. angustatus",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Jur."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia aciphylla var. mucronata",
        "authorship": "(Sendtn. ex Molendo) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia alpina",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia crenulata",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia graeffii",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia inermis var. submarginata",
        "authorship": "(Schiffn.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata",
        "authorship": "(Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. calcarea",
        "authorship": "(Velen.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. compacta",
        "authorship": "(Schiffn.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. dentata",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. denticulata",
        "authorship": "(Latzel) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. graeffii",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. inframarginata",
        "authorship": "(Głow.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. lapidicola",
        "authorship": "(C.E.O.Jensen) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. mucronata",
        "authorship": "(Farneti) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. recurvomarginata",
        "authorship": "(Breidl. ex Limpr.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. robusta",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata f. transiens",
        "authorship": "(Velen.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata subf. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata subsp. angustata",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata subsp. buergeneri",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Culm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata subsp. graeffii",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Culm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata subsp. serrulata",
        "authorship": "Culm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata subsp. subulata",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. alpina",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. angustata",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Delogne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. bifrons",
        "authorship": "(I.Hagen) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. dentata",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Papp"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. elatior",
        "authorship": "Schultz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. graeffii",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. hercynica",
        "authorship": "(Schrad. ex P.Beauv.) Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. integrifolia",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Mans."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Podp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. macrocarpa",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. major",
        "authorship": "Huebener"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. minor",
        "authorship": "Huebener"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. recurvomarginata",
        "authorship": "(Breidl. ex Limpr.) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Syntrichia subulata var. subinermis",
        "authorship": "(Bruch & Schimp.) J.J.Amann"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula aciphylla var. mucronata",
        "authorship": "(Sendtn. ex Molendo) Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula alpina",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) Arn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula buergeneri",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula crenulata",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula crenulata var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula elongata",
        "authorship": "Funck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula graeffii",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula graeffii f. denticulata",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula graeffii var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula graeffii var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula hercynica",
        "authorship": "Schrad. ex P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula inermis var. submarginata",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula mucronifolia f. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula serrulata",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula serrulata f. minor",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula serrulata f. tenuiseta",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula serrulata var. angustata",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula serrulata var. latifolia",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata f. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) L.I.Savicz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata f. denticulata",
        "authorship": "Latzel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata f. pygmaea",
        "authorship": "Mart. ex Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata subf. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata subsp. angustata",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Kindb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata subsp. graeffii",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Giacom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata subsp. serrulata",
        "authorship": "(Culm.) Giacom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. acuminata",
        "authorship": "Arn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. angustata",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. bifrons",
        "authorship": "I.Hagen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. buergeneri",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. calcarea",
        "authorship": "Velen."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. compacta",
        "authorship": "Schiffn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. crenulata",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Düll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. dentata",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) De Wild."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. elatior",
        "authorship": "(Schultz) Chevall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. elongata",
        "authorship": "(M.T.Lange) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. flaviseta",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. graeffii",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. inframarginata",
        "authorship": "Głow."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. integrifolia",
        "authorship": "(Boulay) Brizi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. lapidicola",
        "authorship": "C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. laxifolia",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. microphylla",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. minor",
        "authorship": "Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. mucronata",
        "authorship": "(Farneti) Paris"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. obtusa",
        "authorship": "Hook. & Grev. ex Arn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. perlimbata",
        "authorship": "Péterfi"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. recurvomarginata",
        "authorship": "Breidl. ex Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. robusta",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. serrulata",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. subinermis",
        "authorship": "(Bruch & Schimp.) Wilson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. subulata",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Tortula subulata var. transiens",
        "authorship": "Velen."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 37,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 126304170,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Pavel Kacl",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/pavel_kacl",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/753383a0-4b4e-43c9-a7cc-077f1f3e5875",
        "observed_on": "2021-05-02",
        "lat": 50.109,
        "lon": 14.369,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/126304170/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/126304170/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/126304170/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/126304170/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Pavel Kacl, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 45167032,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Andrew Melton",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/andrewmelton",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91a57a6e-811b-4164-8227-8d7b51a8ef7e",
        "observed_on": "2019-07-16",
        "lat": 57.322,
        "lon": -3.606,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45167032/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45167032/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45167032/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45167032/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Andrew Melton, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 198090100,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Andrey Polstianoi",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/p_andrey",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/47b06cf1-e0ff-4268-94a1-966fc33e030a",
        "observed_on": "2013-04-13",
        "lat": 50.04,
        "lon": 36.238,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198090100/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198090100/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198090100/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198090100/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Andrey Polstianoi, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 45166874,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Andrew Melton",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/andrewmelton",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/91a57a6e-811b-4164-8227-8d7b51a8ef7e",
        "observed_on": "2019-07-16",
        "lat": 57.322,
        "lon": -3.606,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45166874/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45166874/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45166874/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/45166874/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Andrew Melton, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 198090325,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Andrey Polstianoi",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/p_andrey",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/47b06cf1-e0ff-4268-94a1-966fc33e030a",
        "observed_on": "2013-04-13",
        "lat": 50.04,
        "lon": 36.238,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198090325/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198090325/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198090325/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198090325/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Andrey Polstianoi, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 178588375,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Helen Waterman",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/helenwaterman",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d40f77da-4f14-43f4-9a76-0b9606000337",
        "observed_on": "2022-02-07",
        "lat": 53.244,
        "lon": -1.926,
        "original": {
          "width": 797,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          797
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178588375/r1/400.avif",
            "797": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178588375/r1/797.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178588375/r1/400.jpg",
            "797": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178588375/r1/797.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Helen Waterman, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 189287233,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jonathan Hughes",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jonnyecology",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/cca0f62c-8ac5-406d-9be8-feb3a6c6a3a0",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-19",
        "lat": 54.417,
        "lon": -3.059,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          768
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/189287233/r1/400.avif",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/189287233/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/189287233/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/189287233/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jonathan Hughes, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 174974624,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Helen Waterman",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/helenwaterman",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/e63d754d-ada7-4495-b15b-5c0441c50181",
        "observed_on": "2022-01-05",
        "lat": 53.27,
        "lon": -1.993,
        "original": {
          "width": 757,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          757
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174974624/r1/400.avif",
            "757": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174974624/r1/757.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174974624/r1/400.jpg",
            "757": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174974624/r1/757.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Helen Waterman, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": null,
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 6.4,
      "median": 8.5,
      "p95": 10.3
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 420,
      "median": 654.5,
      "p95": 847.6
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 17.1,
      "median": 22,
      "p95": 24.9
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -7.9,
      "median": -3.2,
      "p95": 1.1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 573.6,
      "median": 866.7,
      "p95": 1751.7
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 10.8,
      "median": 22.9,
      "p95": 44
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 92.3,
      "median": 160.4,
      "p95": 352.2
    },
    "n": 92,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 92 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/tortula-subulata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}