Torenia crustacea(L.) Cham. & Schltdl.

WFO wfo-0000458830 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY / CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Torenia crustacea, photographed by Ong Jyh Seng
fig. a Ong Jyh Seng, CC BY-SA 4.0 / 2022-05-18 / obs. 198500732
Torenia crustacea, photographed by Hugo Innes
fig. b Hugo Innes, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 197462934
Torenia crustacea, photographed by Hugo Innes
fig. c Hugo Innes, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 194278654
Torenia crustacea, photographed by Jenny Saito
fig. d Jenny Saito, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 192735220
Torenia crustacea, photographed by Ong Jyh Seng
fig. e Ong Jyh Seng, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 191459547
Torenia crustacea, photographed by Ong Jyh Seng
fig. f Ong Jyh Seng, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 191033248
Torenia crustacea, photographed by Ong Jyh Seng
fig. g Ong Jyh Seng, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 191045138
Torenia crustacea, photographed by Jenny Saito
fig. h Jenny Saito, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 189217389

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 76 botanical countries

Regions where Torenia crustacea is native: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, DR Congo, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Liberia, Madagascar, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Uganda, China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Japan, Korea, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Tibet, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Christmas I., East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Solomon Is., Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya, Mexico Central, Caroline Is., Cook Is., Fiji, Marianas, Marquesas, Samoa, Society Is., Tonga, Tubuai Is., Vanuatu, Wallis-Futuna Is., Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela BurundiCameroonCentral African RepublicCongoDR CongoGabonGhanaGuineaGuinea-BissauGulf of Guinea Is.Ivory CoastLiberiaMadagascarNigeriaSenegalSierra LeoneUgandaChina South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanJapanTaiwanTibetAssamBangladeshCambodiaEast HimalayaIndiaJawaLaosLesser Sunda Is.MalayaMyanmarNepalNew GuineaPakistanPhilippinesSolomon Is.Sri LankaThailandVietnamWest HimalayaMexico CentralFijiBelizeBoliviaBrazil NorthBrazil NortheastBrazil SoutheastBrazil West-CentralColombiaEcuadorEl SalvadorFrench GuianaGuatemalaGuyanaHondurasNicaraguaPanamáPeruSurinameVenezuela KoreaNansei-shotoAndaman Is.Christmas I.Caroline Is.Cook Is.MarianasMarquesasSamoaSociety Is.TongaTubuai Is.VanuatuWallis-Futuna Is.
Native distribution of Torenia crustacea, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Andaman Is. AND ASIA-TROPICAL
Assam ASS
Bangladesh BAN
Cambodia CBD
Christmas I. XMS
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Jawa JAW
Laos LAO
Lesser Sunda Is. LSI
Malaya MLY
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
New Guinea NWG
Pakistan PAK
Philippines PHI
Solomon Is. SOL
Sri Lanka SRL
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
West Himalaya WHM
Belize BLZ SOUTHERN AMERICA
Bolivia BOL
Brazil North BZN
Brazil Northeast BZE
Brazil Southeast BZL
Brazil West-Central BZC
Colombia CLM
Ecuador ECU
El Salvador ELS
French Guiana FRG
Guatemala GUA
Guyana GUY
Honduras HON
Nicaragua NIC
Panamá PAN
Peru PER
Suriname SUR
Venezuela VEN
Burundi BUR AFRICA
Cameroon CMN
Central African Republic CAF
Congo CON
DR Congo ZAI
Gabon GAB
Ghana GHA
Guinea GUI
Guinea-Bissau GNB
Gulf of Guinea Is. GGI
Ivory Coast IVO
Liberia LBR
Madagascar MDG
Nigeria NGA
Senegal SEN
Sierra Leone SIE
Uganda UGA
Caroline Is. CRL PACIFIC
Cook Is. COO
Fiji FIJ
Marianas MRN
Marquesas MRQ
Samoa SAM
Society Is. SCI
Tonga TON
Tubuai Is. TUB
Vanuatu VAN
Wallis-Futuna Is. WAL
China South-Central CHC ASIA-TEMPERATE
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
Japan JAP
Korea KOR
Nansei-shoto NNS
Taiwan TAI
Tibet CHT
Mexico Central MXC NORTHERN AMERICA

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Also published as 45 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Antirrhinum hexandrum Forssk.
  • Antirrhinum hexandrum G.Forst.
  • Buchnera capillaris Desv.
  • Capraria crustacea L.
  • Gratiola aspera Roth
  • Gratiola lucida Willd.
  • Hornemannia ovata Link & Otto
  • Linaria hexandra F.Dietr.
  • Lindernia crustacea (L.) F.Muell.
  • Lindernia crustacea var. clarkei G.S.Giri & Majumdar
  • Lindernia crustacea var. verticillata (Haines) K.K.Khanna
  • Lindernia gracilis (Bonati) Bonati
  • Lindernia minuta (Blume) Koord.
  • Lindernia obtusa (Blume) Koord.
  • Lindernia racemosa Bonati
  • Mimulus javanicus Blume
  • Morgania aspera Spreng.
  • Morgania lucida Spreng.
  • Pentsteira paniculata Griff.
  • Pyxidaria crustacea (L.) Kuntze
  • Pyxidaria minuta (Blume) Kuntze
  • Pyxidaria obtusa (Blume) Kuntze
  • Tittmannia ovata Rchb.
  • Tittmannia scabra Spreng.

and 21 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.