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  "last_modified": "2026-05-27",
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    "wfo": "wfo-0000455502",
    "inat_taxon_id": 426847
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Toona sinensis",
    "authorship": "(A.Juss.) M.Roem.",
    "genus": "Toona",
    "epithet": "sinensis",
    "family": "Meliaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 139 (1846)",
    "protologue_url": null,
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Ailanthus flavescens",
        "authorship": "Carrière"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ailanthus mairei",
        "authorship": "Gagnep."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cedrela chinensis",
        "authorship": "Franch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cedrela glabra",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cedrela longifolia",
        "authorship": "Wall."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cedrela longifolia var. kumaona",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cedrela serrata",
        "authorship": "Royle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cedrela sinensis",
        "authorship": "Juss."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cedrela sinensis var. hupehana",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Cedrela sinensis var. lanceolata",
        "authorship": "H.L.Li"
      },
      {
        "name": "Cedrela sinensis var. schensiana",
        "authorship": "C.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Surenus glabra",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Surenus serrata",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Surenus serrulata",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Surenus sinensis",
        "authorship": "(A.Juss.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona glabra",
        "authorship": "Harms"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona longifolia",
        "authorship": "M.Roem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona serrata",
        "authorship": "(Royle) M.Roem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona serrulata",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Harms"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona sinensis var. carmesinixylon",
        "authorship": "D.C.Wu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona sinensis var. denticulata",
        "authorship": "(Chev.) Bahadur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona sinensis var. glabra",
        "authorship": "(C.DC.) Bahadur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona sinensis var. grandifolia",
        "authorship": "(Chev.) Bahadur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona sinensis var. hupehana",
        "authorship": "(C.DC.) P.Y.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona sinensis var. hupehana",
        "authorship": "(C.DC.) A.Chev."
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona sinensis var. puberula",
        "authorship": "(C.DC.) Bahadur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona sinensis var. schensiana",
        "authorship": "(C.DC.) X.M.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Toona sinensis var. sinensis",
        "authorship": null
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
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    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
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      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
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      "CHS",
      "CHT",
      "ASS",
      "BOR",
      "EHM",
      "JAW",
      "LAO",
      "MLY",
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      "NEP",
      "PAK",
      "SRL",
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      "THA",
      "VIE",
      "WHM"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOR",
        "name": "Borneo",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "EHM",
        "name": "East Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAW",
        "name": "Jawa",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 4,
    "n_annotated": 66,
    "sufficient": false
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "tree",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/toona-sinensis/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}