Toona ciliataM.Roem.

Indian MahoganyAustralian redcedar

WFO wfo-0000455531 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC BY-SA

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Toona ciliata, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. a Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / 2022-06-11 / obs. 205095177
Toona ciliata, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. b Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 203470383
Toona ciliata, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. c Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 187152147
Toona ciliata, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. d Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 187025878
Toona ciliata, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. e Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 177529015
Toona ciliata, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. f Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 177227628
Toona ciliata, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. g Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 173385900
Toona ciliata, photographed by Greg Tasney
fig. h Greg Tasney, CC BY-SA 4.0 / obs. 172847832

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 27 botanical countries

Regions where Toona ciliata is native: China South-Central, China Southeast, Hainan, Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, East Himalaya, India, Jawa, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Pakistan, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Thailand, Vietnam, West Himalaya, New South Wales, Queensland China South-CentralChina SoutheastHainanAssamBangladeshBismarck ArchipelagoBorneoCambodiaEast HimalayaIndiaJawaLaosLesser Sunda Is.MalayaMalukuMyanmarNepalNew GuineaPakistanPhilippinesSulawesiSumateraThailandVietnamWest HimalayaNew South WalesQueensland
Native distribution of Toona ciliata, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Assam ASS ASIA-TROPICAL
Bangladesh BAN
Bismarck Archipelago BIS
Borneo BOR
Cambodia CBD
East Himalaya EHM
India IND
Jawa JAW
Laos LAO
Lesser Sunda Is. LSI
Malaya MLY
Maluku MOL
Myanmar MYA
Nepal NEP
New Guinea NWG
Pakistan PAK
Philippines PHI
Sulawesi SUL
Sumatera SUM
Thailand THA
Vietnam VIE
West Himalaya WHM
China South-Central CHC ASIA-TEMPERATE
China Southeast CHS
Hainan CHH
New South Wales NSW AUSTRALASIA
Queensland QLD

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 876 observations

Condition 5th percentile Median 95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low 4.4 °C 8.9 °C 19.3 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high 23.7 °C 26.6 °C 29.2 °C
Annual rainfall 828 mm 1,235 mm 1,981 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter 94 mm 167 mm 252 mm

It is barely found anywhere that freezes. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 876 research-grade observations of Toona ciliata that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 84 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Cedrela australis Mudie
  • Cedrela australis F.Muell.
  • Cedrela brevipetiolulata Haines
  • Cedrela febrifuga var. cochinchinensis (Pierre) C.DC.
  • Cedrela hainesii C.DC.
  • Cedrela hexandra Wall.
  • Cedrela kingii C.DC.
  • Cedrela kingii var. birmanica C.DC.
  • Cedrela mannii C.DC.
  • Cedrela microcarpa C.DC.
  • Cedrela mollis Hand.-Mazz.
  • Cedrela multijuga Kurz
  • Cedrela serrulata Miq.
  • Cedrela teysmannii Hassk.
  • Cedrela toona Roxb.
  • Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Roth
  • Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottler
  • Cedrela toona var. australis (F.Muell.) C.DC.
  • Cedrela toona var. cuspidata C.DC.
  • Cedrela toona var. deccana C.DC.
  • Cedrela toona var. gamblei C.DC.
  • Cedrela toona var. grandiflora C.DC.
  • Cedrela toona var. haslettii Haines
  • Cedrela toona var. latifolia C.DC.

and 60 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
  4. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.