Tilia mandshurica

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Tilia mandshurica, photographed by Yi CHEN — fig. c Yi CHEN, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 82275274

Tilia mandshurica, photographed by Repina Tatyana — fig. d Repina Tatyana, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 57990258

Tilia mandshurica, photographed by Oleg Kosterin — fig. g Oleg Kosterin, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 100884256

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 8 botanical countries

Native distribution of Tilia mandshurica, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
China North-Central	CHN	ASIA-TEMPERATE
China Southeast	CHS
Inner Mongolia	CHI
Japan	JAP
Khabarovsk	KHA
Korea	KOR
Manchuria	CHM
Primorye	PRM

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Where it actually grows measured, from 144 observations

Condition	5th percentile	Median	95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low	-23.8 °C	-15.6 °C	-11.4 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high	21.9 °C	24.3 °C	27.3 °C
Annual rainfall	582 mm	745 mm	951 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter	12 mm	40 mm	51 mm

It is found where winters are severely cold. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 144 research-grade observations of Tilia mandshurica that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one.

Also published as 15 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Tilia argentea f. mandshurica (Rupr. & Maxim.) Regel
Tilia chugokuensis Hatus.
Tilia fusiformis Nakai
Tilia mandshurica f. depressa (Nakai) W.Lee
Tilia mandshurica f. tuberculata (Liou & Li) Kitag.
Tilia mandshurica f. villicarpa (Nakai) W.Lee
Tilia mandshurica var. depressa Nakai
Tilia mandshurica var. fusiformis (Nakai) H.S.Kim
Tilia mandshurica var. pekinensis (Rupr.) V.Engl. ex C.K.Schneid.
Tilia mandshurica var. villicarpa Nakai
Tilia megaphylla Nakai
Tilia megaphylla f. subintegra Nakai
Tilia ovalis Nakai
Tilia pekingensis Rupr. ex Maxim.
Tilia semicostata Nakai

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.