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  "last_modified": "2024-06-04",
  "id": {
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    "wfo": "wfo-0000320039",
    "inat_taxon_id": 369351
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  "name": {
    "scientific": "Tabernaemontana pandacaqui",
    "authorship": "Lam.",
    "genus": "Tabernaemontana",
    "epithet": "pandacaqui",
    "family": "Apocynaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Tableau Enc. 2 1792",
    "protologue_url": null,
    "common": {
      "preferred": "banana bush",
      "english": [
        "banana bush",
        "windmill bush"
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      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Alstonia pacifica",
        "authorship": "(Seem.) A.C.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Anartia recurva",
        "authorship": "Miers"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia angustisepala",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia benthamiana",
        "authorship": "Domin"
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      {
        "name": "Ervatamia biflora",
        "authorship": "(Elmer) Pichon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia brachybotrys",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Pichon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia calcicola",
        "authorship": "Kerr"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia capsicoides",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Pichon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia cumingiana",
        "authorship": "(A.DC.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia daemeliana",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia decaisnei",
        "authorship": "(A.DC.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia ecarinata",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Pichon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia eriophora",
        "authorship": "Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia floribunda",
        "authorship": "(Blume) Pichon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia floribunda var. villosiuscula",
        "authorship": "Bakh.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia hexagona",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Pichon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia lifuana",
        "authorship": "Boiteau & Allorge"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia linearifolia",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia makateaensis",
        "authorship": "H.St.John"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia merrilliana",
        "authorship": "Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia mindorensis",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia montensis",
        "authorship": "S.Moore"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia mucronata",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia obtusiuscula",
        "authorship": "Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia oligantha",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Pichon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia orientalis",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia pandacaqui",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) Pichon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia parviflora",
        "authorship": "(Decne.) Meijer Drees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia polygama",
        "authorship": "(Blanco) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia puberula",
        "authorship": "Tsiang & P.T.Li"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia pubescens",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia pubescens var. barbatocalyx",
        "authorship": "(Markgr.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia pubescens var. glaberrima",
        "authorship": "Bakh.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia pubescens var. grandiflora",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia pubescens var. punctulata",
        "authorship": "(Warb.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia pubescens var. superba",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia pubescens var. typica",
        "authorship": "Domin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia punctulata",
        "authorship": "(Warb.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia punctulata var. barbatocalyx",
        "authorship": "Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia rotensis",
        "authorship": "Kaneh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Ervatamia subglobosa",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Pichon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Pagiantha oligantha",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pagiantha pandacaqui",
        "authorship": "(Poir.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Pagiantha subglobosa",
        "authorship": "(Merr.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rejoua pacifica",
        "authorship": "(Seem.) Markgr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana arborescens",
        "authorship": "Perrier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana biflora",
        "authorship": "Elmer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana brachybotrys",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana capsicoides",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana caudata",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana cerniflora",
        "authorship": "Zipp. ex Span."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana citrifolia",
        "authorship": "G.Forst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana congestiflora",
        "authorship": "Elmer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana cumingiana",
        "authorship": "A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana decaisnei",
        "authorship": "A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana decaisnei var. petiolata",
        "authorship": "A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana diclinis",
        "authorship": "K.Schum. & Lauterb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana ebracteata",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana ecarinata",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana floribunda",
        "authorship": "Blume"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana guangdongensis",
        "authorship": "P.T.Li"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana hexagona",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana indica",
        "authorship": "Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana laurifolia",
        "authorship": "Blanco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana laxiflora",
        "authorship": "Teijsm. & Binn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana linearifolia",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana mindanaensis",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana mindorensis",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana mollis",
        "authorship": "Hook. & Arn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana mucronata",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana multiflora",
        "authorship": "Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana oligantha",
        "authorship": "Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana orientalis",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana orientalis var. angustifolia",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana orientalis var. angustisepala",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana orientalis var. grandifolia",
        "authorship": "Valeton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana pacifica",
        "authorship": "Seem."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana parviflora",
        "authorship": "Decne."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana polygama",
        "authorship": "Blanco"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana puberula",
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      },
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        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana pubescens",
        "authorship": "Teijsm. & Binn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana punctulata",
        "authorship": "Warb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana riedeliana",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana rotensis",
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        "name": "Tabernaemontana semperflorens",
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        "name": "Tabernaemontana subglobosa",
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      },
      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana thailandensis",
        "authorship": "P.T.Li"
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      {
        "name": "Tabernaemontana vitiensis",
        "authorship": "Seem."
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          0.9778
        ],
        [
          0.3538,
          0.8483
        ],
        null,
        [
          0.2505,
          0.8418
        ],
        [
          0.1078,
          0.6032
        ],
        null,
        [
          0.0089,
          0.2361
        ],
        [
          0,
          0.3903
        ],
        [
          0.1582,
          0.7495
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 2
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/tabernaemontana-pandacaqui/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}