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  "last_modified": "2024-06-04",
  "id": {
    "slug": "symphyotrichum-novi-belgii",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000075141",
    "inat_taxon_id": 169474
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  "name": {
    "scientific": "Symphyotrichum novi-belgii",
    "authorship": "(L.) G.L.Nesom",
    "genus": "Symphyotrichum",
    "epithet": "novi-belgii",
    "family": "Asteraceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Phytologia 77: 287. 1995 [31 Jan 1995]",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.compositae.org/gcd/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1090513",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "New York aster",
      "english": [
        "New York aster"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Amellus divaricatus",
        "authorship": "Gaterau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Amellus novae-belgii",
        "authorship": "(L.) Opiz"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster adulterinus",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster aestivus",
        "authorship": "Aiton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster aestivus",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster aestivus var. angustifolius",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster aestivus var. laetiflorus",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster argutus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster bicolor",
        "authorship": "Dietr. ex DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster brumalis",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster caespitosus",
        "authorship": "hort. ex Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster carneus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster crenifolius",
        "authorship": "(Fernald) Cronquist"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster crenifolius var. arcuans",
        "authorship": "(Fernald) Cronquist"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster crenifolius var. crenifolius",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster elodes",
        "authorship": "Torr. & A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster eminens",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster eminens var. eminens",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster eminens var. laevigatus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster floribundus",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster foliaceus var. arcuans",
        "authorship": "Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster foliaceus var. crenifolius",
        "authorship": "Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster foliaceus var. sublinearis",
        "authorship": "Griscom & R.J.Eaton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster hiemalis",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster johannensis",
        "authorship": "Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster johannensis var. johannensis",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster johannensis var. villicaulis",
        "authorship": "(A.Gray) Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster junceus",
        "authorship": "Aiton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster junceus var. junceus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster junceus var. major",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster laevigatus",
        "authorship": "Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster lateralis",
        "authorship": "Hort.Bonn. ex Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster laxiflorus",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster laxifolius",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster laxifolius var. carneus",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Lindl. ex DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster laxifolius var. salicifolius",
        "authorship": "Lindl. ex DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster laxus",
        "authorship": "Torr. & A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster longifolius",
        "authorship": "Lam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster longifolius var. albiflorus",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster longifolius var. brevirameus",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster longifolius var. densiflorus",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster longifolius var. laevigatus",
        "authorship": "(Nees) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster longifolius var. longifolius",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster longifolius var. villicaulis",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster luxurians",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster mutabilis",
        "authorship": "Dryand. ex Aiton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii f. novi-belgii",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii f. roseus",
        "authorship": "E.L.Rand & Redfield"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii subsp. floribundus",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii subsp. johannensis",
        "authorship": "(Fernald) A.G.Jones"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii subsp. laevigatus",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii subsp. novi-belgii",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. adulterinus",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. ampliflorus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. atlanticus",
        "authorship": "E.S.Burgess"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. brittonii",
        "authorship": "E.S.Burgess"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. elodes",
        "authorship": "(Torr. & A.Gray) A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. floribundus",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. johannensis",
        "authorship": "(Fernald) A.G.Jones"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. laevigatus",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. minor",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. novi-belgii",
        "authorship": null
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      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. rosaceus",
        "authorship": "J.Rousseau"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. thyrsiflorus",
        "authorship": "(Hoffm.) A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster novi-belgii var. villicaulis",
        "authorship": "(A.Gray) B.Boivin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster onustus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster onustus var. onustus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster onustus var. squarrosus",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster recurvatus",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster rolandii",
        "authorship": "Shinners"
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      {
        "name": "Aster serotinus",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster spectabilis",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster squarrosulus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster squarrosulus var. albiflorus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster squarrosulus var. squarrosulus",
        "authorship": null
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      {
        "name": "Aster tardiflorus",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster tardiflorus f. tardiflorus",
        "authorship": null
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      {
        "name": "Aster tardiflorus var. tardiflorus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster thyrsiflorus",
        "authorship": "Hoffm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster thyrsiflorus var. squarrosus",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Aster thyrsiflorus var. thyrsiflorus",
        "authorship": null
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      {
        "name": "Aster vaurealis",
        "authorship": "J.Rousseau"
      },
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        "name": "Aster virgineus",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Crinitaria humilis",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Symphyotrichum crenifolium",
        "authorship": "(Fernald) G.L.Nesom"
      },
      {
        "name": "Symphyotrichum longifolium",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) G.L.Nesom"
      },
      {
        "name": "Symphyotrichum novi-belgii var. laevigatus",
        "authorship": "(Lam.) B.Bock"
      }
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphyotrichum_novi-belgii"
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        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NFL",
        "name": "Newfoundland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCA",
        "name": "North Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NSC",
        "name": "Nova Scotia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEI",
        "name": "Prince Edward I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "RHO",
        "name": "Rhode I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SCA",
        "name": "South Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VRG",
        "name": "Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WVA",
        "name": "West Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": null,
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "climate_envelope",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Fewer than 30 georeferenced research-grade observations of this taxon, which is too few to state a percentile range for the conditions it grows in. We would rather show nothing than a range computed from eight points in one county."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/symphyotrichum-novi-belgii/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}