{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/stuckenia-pectinata/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "stuckenia-pectinata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000771224",
    "inat_taxon_id": 64239
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Stuckenia pectinata",
    "authorship": "(L.) Börner",
    "genus": "Stuckenia",
    "epithet": "pectinata",
    "family": "Potamogetonaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Fl. Deut. Volk : 713 (1912)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77099639-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Fennel Pondweed",
      "english": [
        "Fennel Pondweed",
        "sago pondweed"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Buccaferrea pectinata",
        "authorship": "(L.) Bubani"
      },
      {
        "name": "Coleogeton pectinatus",
        "authorship": "(L.) Les & R.R.Haynes"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton acifolius",
        "authorship": "Ma"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton angustissimus",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton balatonicus",
        "authorship": "(Gams) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton borealis",
        "authorship": "Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton bracteatus",
        "authorship": "Y.D.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton chakassiensis",
        "authorship": "(Kaschina) Volobaev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton chakassiensis var. tenuior",
        "authorship": "Volobaev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton columbianus",
        "authorship": "Suksd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton diffusus",
        "authorship": "(Hagstr.) Herter"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton drupaceus",
        "authorship": "O.Lang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton erhaiensis",
        "authorship": "Y.D.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton exstipulatus",
        "authorship": "Wolfg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton filicaulis",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton filiformis subvar. helveticus",
        "authorship": "(G.Fisch.) Asch. & Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton filiformis var. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Raf.) H.St.John"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton flabellatus",
        "authorship": "Bab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton helveticus",
        "authorship": "(G.Fisch.) W.Koch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton helveticus var. balatonicus",
        "authorship": "Gams"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton interruptus",
        "authorship": "Kit. ex Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton interruptus var. diffusus",
        "authorship": "Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton interruptus var. ungulatus",
        "authorship": "Druce"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton intramongolicus",
        "authorship": "Ma"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton lanceolatus",
        "authorship": "Mazziari"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton leptanthus",
        "authorship": "Y.D.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton livingstonei",
        "authorship": "A.Benn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton marinus",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton marinus var. angustifolius",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton marinus var. caespitosus",
        "authorship": "Wimm. & Grab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton marinus var. setaceus",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton miniatus",
        "authorship": "Y.D.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton nanus",
        "authorship": "Y.D.Chen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. acerosus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. brachypus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. caule-crasso",
        "authorship": "Cham. & Schltdl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. coronatus",
        "authorship": "(Hagstr.) Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. devistitus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. dichotomus",
        "authorship": "(Wallr.) Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. dichotomus",
        "authorship": "(Wallr.) Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. geminatus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. glaucescens",
        "authorship": "Cham. & Schltdl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. incrustatus",
        "authorship": "Tiselius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. interruptus",
        "authorship": "(Kit.) Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. laxus",
        "authorship": "Tiselius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. longipedunculatus",
        "authorship": "Tiselius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. lutiusculus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. notabilis",
        "authorship": "Tiselius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. pinguis",
        "authorship": "Tiselius ex Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. pinguis",
        "authorship": "Tiselius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. potensus",
        "authorship": "(Wallr.) Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. potensus",
        "authorship": "(Wallr.) Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. pseudomarinus",
        "authorship": "A.Benn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. ramulosus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. scoparius",
        "authorship": "(Wallr.) Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. scoparius",
        "authorship": "(Wallr.) Rchb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. spissus",
        "authorship": "Tiselius"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. spissus",
        "authorship": "Tiselius ex Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. subdrupaceus",
        "authorship": "G.Fisch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. sublatifolius",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. submarinus",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. ulvensis",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. ungulatus",
        "authorship": "Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Cham. & Schltdl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. zosteraceus",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Almq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus f. zosteroides",
        "authorship": "G.Fisch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus prol. interruptus",
        "authorship": "(Kit.) Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus prol. mongolicus",
        "authorship": "(A.Benn.) Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus prol. scoparius",
        "authorship": "(Wallr.) Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus prol. zosteraceus",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Graebn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus subsp. balatonicus",
        "authorship": "(Gams) Soó"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus subsp. chakassiensis",
        "authorship": "Kaschina"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus subsp. flabellatus",
        "authorship": "(Bab.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus subsp. helveticus",
        "authorship": "(G.Fisch.) Bertsch & F.Bertsch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus subsp. mongolicus",
        "authorship": "(A.Benn.) Volobaev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. caespitosus",
        "authorship": "(Wimm. & Grab.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch ex Fieber"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. coronatus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. dichotomus",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. diffusus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. flabellatus",
        "authorship": "(Bab.) Nyman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. foliosus",
        "authorship": "Mert. & W.D.J.Koch ex Fieber"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Kuzmin & Skvortsov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. helveticus",
        "authorship": "(G.Fisch.) Glück"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. interruptus",
        "authorship": "(Kit.) Asch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. latifolius",
        "authorship": "G.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. marinus",
        "authorship": "(L.) Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. marinus",
        "authorship": "(L.) Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. mongolicus",
        "authorship": "A.Benn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. potensus",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. protensis",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. protensus",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. ramosissimus",
        "authorship": "Mert. & W.D.J.Koch ex Fieber"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. scoparius",
        "authorship": "Wallr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. setaceus",
        "authorship": "Wahlenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. submarinus",
        "authorship": "Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. tenuifolius",
        "authorship": "Kunth ex A.Benn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. tenuis",
        "authorship": "G.Mey."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. ungulatus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. vaillantii",
        "authorship": "(Roem. & Schult.) Lojac."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. zosteraceus",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Casp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pectinatus var. zosteraceus",
        "authorship": "Hagstr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pusillus subsp. flabellatus",
        "authorship": "(Bab.) Hook.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton pusillus var. interruptus",
        "authorship": "(Kit.) J.Presl & C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton siculus",
        "authorship": "Bercht. & J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton tenuifolius",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton vaginatus f. helveticus",
        "authorship": "(G.Fisch.) G.Fisch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton vaginatus subsp. helveticus",
        "authorship": "(G.Fisch.) Schinz & Thell."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton vaginatus var. helveticus",
        "authorship": "G.Fisch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton vaillantii",
        "authorship": "Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton zosteraceus",
        "authorship": "Fr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Potamogeton zosteraceus",
        "authorship": "Bab."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spirillus interruptus",
        "authorship": "(Kit.) Nieuwl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spirillus pectiniformis",
        "authorship": "Nieuwl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Stuckenia borealis",
        "authorship": "(Raf.) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stuckenia chakassiensis",
        "authorship": "(Kaschina) Klinkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stuckenia filiformis subsp. borealis",
        "authorship": "(Raf.) Tzvelev & Elven"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stuckenia helvetica",
        "authorship": "(G.Fisch.) Holub"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stuckenia intramongolica",
        "authorship": "Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stuckenia marina",
        "authorship": "(L.) Tzvelev"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stuckenia mongolica",
        "authorship": "(A.Benn.) Klinkova"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stuckenia pectinata var. interrupta",
        "authorship": "(Kit.) Chepinoga"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stuckenia zosteracea",
        "authorship": "(Fr.) Tzvelev"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuckenia_pectinata"
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    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
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        "code": "ALG",
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        "code": "ANG",
        "name": "Angola",
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        "code": "BOT",
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      {
        "code": "BUR",
        "name": "Burundi",
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        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
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        "code": "CPP",
        "name": "Cape Provinces",
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        "region": "Southern Africa"
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        "code": "CPV",
        "name": "Caprivi Strip",
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        "code": "ZAI",
        "name": "DR Congo",
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        "code": "EGY",
        "name": "Egypt",
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        "region": "Northern Africa"
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      {
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        "name": "Eritrea",
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        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
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        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
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      {
        "code": "OFS",
        "name": "Free State",
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      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
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        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
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      {
        "code": "NAT",
        "name": "KwaZulu-Natal",
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        "region": "Southern Africa"
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      {
        "code": "LBY",
        "name": "Libya",
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      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
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        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLW",
        "name": "Malawi",
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      {
        "code": "MTN",
        "name": "Mauritania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAU",
        "name": "Mauritius",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAM",
        "name": "Namibia",
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        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "RWA",
        "name": "Rwanda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "REU",
        "name": "Réunion",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOC",
        "name": "Socotra",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUN",
        "name": "Tunisia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "AFG",
        "name": "Afghanistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AMU",
        "name": "Amur",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRY",
        "name": "Buryatiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CTA",
        "name": "Chita",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CYP",
        "name": "Cyprus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "GST",
        "name": "Gulf States",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRQ",
        "name": "Iraq",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KGZ",
        "name": "Kirgizstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KUR",
        "name": "Kuril Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBS",
        "name": "Lebanon-Syria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NNS",
        "name": "Nansei-shoto",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "OMA",
        "name": "Oman",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAL",
        "name": "Palestine",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHQ",
        "name": "Qinghai",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAK",
        "name": "Sakhalin",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAU",
        "name": "Saudi Arabia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIN",
        "name": "Sinai",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TZK",
        "name": "Tadzhikistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TKM",
        "name": "Turkmenistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVA",
        "name": "Tuva",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "YEM",
        "name": "Yemen",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Arabian Peninsula"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAN",
        "name": "Bangladesh",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NEP",
        "name": "Nepal",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAK",
        "name": "Pakistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SOL",
        "name": "Solomon Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUL",
        "name": "Sulawesi",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WHM",
        "name": "West Himalaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "NZN",
        "name": "New Zealand North",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "NZS",
        "name": "New Zealand South",
        "continent": "AUSTRALASIA",
        "region": "New Zealand"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAL",
        "name": "Baleares",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BGM",
        "name": "Belgium",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRE",
        "name": "Ireland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRI",
        "name": "Kriti",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRY",
        "name": "Krym",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NET",
        "name": "Netherlands",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUE",
        "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALA",
        "name": "Alabama",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ASK",
        "name": "Alaska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ABT",
        "name": "Alberta",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALU",
        "name": "Aleutian Is.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARK",
        "name": "Arkansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "BRC",
        "name": "British Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAL",
        "name": "California",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "COL",
        "name": "Colorado",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "CNT",
        "name": "Connecticut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IDA",
        "name": "Idaho",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ILL",
        "name": "Illinois",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "INI",
        "name": "Indiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "IOW",
        "name": "Iowa",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KAN",
        "name": "Kansas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "KTY",
        "name": "Kentucky",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "LOU",
        "name": "Louisiana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAI",
        "name": "Maine",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAN",
        "name": "Manitoba",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MRY",
        "name": "Maryland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAS",
        "name": "Massachusetts",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIN",
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MSO",
        "name": "Missouri",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MNT",
        "name": "Montana",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEB",
        "name": "Nebraska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NEV",
        "name": "Nevada",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NBR",
        "name": "New Brunswick",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWH",
        "name": "New Hampshire",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWJ",
        "name": "New Jersey",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWM",
        "name": "New Mexico",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NFL",
        "name": "Newfoundland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCA",
        "name": "North Carolina",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NDA",
        "name": "North Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWT",
        "name": "Northwest Territories",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSC",
        "name": "Nova Scotia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "OHI",
        "name": "Ohio",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "OKL",
        "name": "Oklahoma",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "ORE",
        "name": "Oregon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEN",
        "name": "Pennsylvania",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "PEI",
        "name": "Prince Edward I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "RHO",
        "name": "Rhode I.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "SAS",
        "name": "Saskatchewan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "SDA",
        "name": "South Dakota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEN",
        "name": "Tennessee",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "UTA",
        "name": "Utah",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "VRG",
        "name": "Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WAS",
        "name": "Washington",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WVA",
        "name": "West Virginia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WIS",
        "name": "Wisconsin",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "WYO",
        "name": "Wyoming",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "YUK",
        "name": "Yukon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWC",
        "name": "New Caledonia",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "VAN",
        "name": "Vanuatu",
        "continent": "PACIFIC",
        "region": "Southwestern Pacific"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPI",
        "name": "Central American Pacific Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLC",
        "name": "Chile Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAL",
        "name": "Galápagos",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 17,
    "n_annotated": 128,
    "sufficient": false,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 37,
      "by_month": [
        1,
        1,
        0,
        0,
        0,
        6,
        11,
        13,
        2,
        0,
        1,
        2
      ],
      "share": [
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        0.3,
        0.3235,
        0.3333,
        0.1538,
        0,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "ci": [
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        [
          0.1455,
          0.519
        ],
        [
          0.1913,
          0.4916
        ],
        [
          0.2063,
          0.4902
        ],
        [
          0.0433,
          0.4224
        ],
        [
          0,
          0.4345
        ],
        null,
        null
      ],
      "peak_month": 8
    },
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "rhizomatous hydrogeophyte",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 1.7,
      "median": 7.6,
      "p95": 17
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 387.1,
      "median": 942.4,
      "p95": 1281.1
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 20.5,
      "median": 24.2,
      "p95": 30.1
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -19.5,
      "median": -9.2,
      "p95": 8.2
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 373.2,
      "median": 656,
      "p95": 1206.4
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 13.1,
      "median": 29.5,
      "p95": 84.4
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 20.3,
      "median": 105.4,
      "p95": 221.2
    },
    "n": 2002,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2002 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/stuckenia-pectinata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}