{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/spiraea-japonica/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "spiraea-japonica",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001008609",
    "inat_taxon_id": 125790
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Spiraea japonica",
    "authorship": "L.f.",
    "genus": "Spiraea",
    "epithet": "japonica",
    "family": "Rosaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Suppl. Pl. : 262 (1782)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:742319-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Japanese meadowsweet",
      "english": [
        "Japanese meadowsweet",
        "Japanese spiraea"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Spiraea albiflora",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea albiflora",
        "authorship": "C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea belloides",
        "authorship": "hort."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea bodinieri",
        "authorship": "H.Lév."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea bodinieri var. concolor",
        "authorship": "H.Lév."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea bullata",
        "authorship": "Maxim."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea bumalda",
        "authorship": "Burv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea bumalda f. froebelii",
        "authorship": "(Froebel) Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea bumalda f. pruhoniciana",
        "authorship": "Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea bumalda unranked ruberrima",
        "authorship": "Lemoine"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea bumalda var. anthony-watereri",
        "authorship": "Moldenke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea bumalda var. froebelii",
        "authorship": "Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa",
        "authorship": "Thunb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa unranked alba",
        "authorship": "Clémenc."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa unranked froebelii",
        "authorship": "Froebel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa var. alba",
        "authorship": "(Clémenc.) Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "Miq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa var. flore-albo",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa var. glabra",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa var. parviflora",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa var. pubescens",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa var. robusta",
        "authorship": "Hook.f. & Thomson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea callosa var. typica",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea crispifolia",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea crispifolia unranked minor",
        "authorship": "Dippel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea esquirolii",
        "authorship": "H.Lév."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea formosana",
        "authorship": "Hayata"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea formosana var. brevistyla",
        "authorship": "Hayata"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea fortunei",
        "authorship": "Planch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea fortunei unranked alba",
        "authorship": "Saint-Paul"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea fortunei unranked macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Simon-Louis ex Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea fortunei unranked paniculata",
        "authorship": "Carrière"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea fortunei var. atrosanguinea",
        "authorship": "Lavallée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea fortunei var. foxii",
        "authorship": "Lavallée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea fortunei var. macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Lavallée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea fortunei var. superflorens",
        "authorship": "Lavallée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea fortunei var. syringiflora",
        "authorship": "Lavallée"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea glabrata",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea hypoglauca",
        "authorship": "Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. albiflora",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Kitam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. alpina",
        "authorship": "(Maxim.) Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. atrosanguinea",
        "authorship": "(Zabel) C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. bumalda",
        "authorship": "(Burv.) Geerinck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. fortunei",
        "authorship": "(Planch.) Kitam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. glabra",
        "authorship": "C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. macrophylla",
        "authorship": "(Zabel) Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. parvireginula",
        "authorship": "Boom ex Geerinck"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. pubescens",
        "authorship": "(Regel) Kitam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica f. ruberrima",
        "authorship": "(Zabel) C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica subsp. glabra",
        "authorship": "(Regel) Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica subvar. brevistyla",
        "authorship": "(Hayata) Masam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica subvar. bullata",
        "authorship": "(Maxim.) Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica subvar. parvifolia",
        "authorship": "Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica unranked alba",
        "authorship": "(Clémenc.) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. alba",
        "authorship": "(Clémenc.) Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Z.Wei & Y.B.Chang"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. albiflora",
        "authorship": "(Miq.) Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. alpina",
        "authorship": "Maxim."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. atrosanguinea",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. bullata",
        "authorship": "(Maxim.) Makino"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. bumalda",
        "authorship": "Bean"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. fortunei",
        "authorship": "Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. glabra",
        "authorship": "(Regel) Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. glabrata",
        "authorship": "(Lange) G.Nicholson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. ibukiensis",
        "authorship": "Makino"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. incisa",
        "authorship": "T.T.Yu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. leucantha",
        "authorship": "Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. mayebarae",
        "authorship": "Kitam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. mayebarai",
        "authorship": "Kitam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. ovatifolia",
        "authorship": "Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. parvifolia",
        "authorship": "(Koidz.) Kitam."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. pubescens",
        "authorship": "(Regel) Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. ruberrima",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. stellaris",
        "authorship": "Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. tomentosa",
        "authorship": "Koidz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. typica",
        "authorship": "C.K.Schneid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea japonica var. typica",
        "authorship": "Gilg"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea kweichowensis",
        "authorship": "T.T.Yu & L.T.Lu"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea lemoinei",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea leucantha",
        "authorship": "Lange"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Hook. ex Koehne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea pruhoniciana",
        "authorship": "Kriechb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea pumila",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea pumila f. erubescens",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea pumila f. froebelii",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea pumila f. leucantha",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea pumila var. bumalda",
        "authorship": "Zabel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea pumila var. watereri",
        "authorship": "Bergmans"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea teniana",
        "authorship": "Rehder"
      },
      {
        "name": "Spiraea zuccarinii",
        "authorship": "Siebold ex Miq."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiraea_japonica"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 234,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 201423335,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Mark Apgar",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/apgarm",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4090f1c3-704e-4deb-a19a-5d7ed3e042d0",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-28",
        "lat": 39.373,
        "lon": -77.168,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201423335/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201423335/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201423335/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201423335/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Mark Apgar, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 198505836,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Alina Martin",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/alinamartin",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/0eeb546b-a4f7-4b19-97e1-12ef498c0f96",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-17",
        "lat": 39.678,
        "lon": -79.397,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198505836/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198505836/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198505836/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/198505836/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Alina Martin, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 170520364,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "John Ambler",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jrambler",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/0ed072c6-c6fe-4ebf-b67a-d3dca56df445",
        "observed_on": "2021-11-27",
        "lat": 40.059,
        "lon": -76.452,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/170520364/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/170520364/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/170520364/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/170520364/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "John Ambler, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 152169363,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Stephen James McWilliam",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/steve_mcwilliam",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/8e53795b-1733-4309-94ca-5f95f2a7790e",
        "observed_on": "2021-08-20",
        "lat": 53.468,
        "lon": -2.763,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152169363/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152169363/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152169363/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152169363/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Stephen James McWilliam, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 145887359,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Mary K. Hanson",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/simpylmare55",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/993b5b8a-fa3a-4cc4-a2f3-6c19e8f0b142",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-23",
        "lat": 38.813,
        "lon": -120.392,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/145887359/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/145887359/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/145887359/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/145887359/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Mary K. Hanson, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 143947842,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Jens-Christian Svenning",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jcsvenning",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/f4a9f9b8-998c-4f9b-bc83-c9b42014130a",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-16",
        "lat": 54.512,
        "lon": 9.551,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143947842/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143947842/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143947842/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143947842/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Jens-Christian Svenning, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 144391748,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Erik Schiff",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/erikschiff",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/95dd39e0-fe1d-4a9d-ae63-29950e350de3",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-11",
        "lat": 42.636,
        "lon": -70.92,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/144391748/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/144391748/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/144391748/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/144391748/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Erik Schiff, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 140731344,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Ben Armstrong",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/benarmstrong",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/2df086d0-2627-41f8-aafc-26aace774c64",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-03",
        "lat": 44.655,
        "lon": -63.733,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/140731344/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/140731344/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/140731344/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/140731344/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Ben Armstrong, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "CHN",
      "CHC",
      "CHS",
      "JAP",
      "TAI",
      "CHT",
      "MYA"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAP",
        "name": "Japan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAI",
        "name": "Taiwan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 431,
    "n_annotated": 497,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      5,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      20,
      197,
      151,
      33,
      12,
      9,
      1,
      2
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      6,
      1,
      2,
      7,
      32,
      212,
      152,
      43,
      17,
      16,
      3,
      6
    ],
    "share": [
      0.8333,
      null,
      null,
      0,
      0.625,
      0.9292,
      0.9934,
      0.7674,
      0.7059,
      0.5625,
      null,
      0.3333
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.4365,
        0.9699
      ],
      null,
      null,
      [
        0,
        0.3543
      ],
      [
        0.4525,
        0.7707
      ],
      [
        0.8866,
        0.9567
      ],
      [
        0.9637,
        0.9988
      ],
      [
        0.6226,
        0.8685
      ],
      [
        0.4687,
        0.8672
      ],
      [
        0.3318,
        0.769
      ],
      null,
      [
        0.0968,
        0.7
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 7,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 44,
      "by_month": [
        1,
        0,
        1,
        1,
        4,
        6,
        6,
        10,
        4,
        9,
        0,
        2
      ],
      "share": [
        0.1667,
        null,
        null,
        0.1429,
        0.125,
        0.0283,
        0.0395,
        0.2326,
        0.2353,
        0.5625,
        null,
        0.3333
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0.0301,
          0.5635
        ],
        null,
        null,
        [
          0.0257,
          0.5131
        ],
        [
          0.0497,
          0.2807
        ],
        [
          0.013,
          0.0604
        ],
        [
          0.0182,
          0.0834
        ],
        [
          0.1315,
          0.3774
        ],
        [
          0.0955,
          0.4726
        ],
        [
          0.3318,
          0.769
        ],
        null,
        [
          0.0968,
          0.7
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 10
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/spiraea-japonica/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}