{
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  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sphagnum-russowii/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-03",
  "id": {
    "slug": "sphagnum-russowii",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001190150",
    "inat_taxon_id": 155565
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Sphagnum russowii",
    "authorship": "Warnst.",
    "genus": "Sphagnum",
    "epithet": "russowii",
    "family": "Sphagnaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Hedwigia 25: 225. 1886.",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.bryonames.org/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Russow's sphagnum",
      "english": [
        "Russow's sphagnum"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium subsp. russowii",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Hérib."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium subvar. subfimbriatum",
        "authorship": "(Braithw.) Bagn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. auriculatum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. fallax",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. lilacinum",
        "authorship": "Spruce ex Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. patulum",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. polyphyllum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. robustum",
        "authorship": "Russow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. roseum",
        "authorship": "Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. rubicundum",
        "authorship": "Huebener"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. strictiforme",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutifolium var. subfimbriatum",
        "authorship": "Braithw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutiforme var. auriculatum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutiforme var. fallax",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutiforme var. robustum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum acutiforme var. roseum",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum anisoporum",
        "authorship": "Warnst. & Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum girgensohnii var. fibrosum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum girgensohnii var. robustum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum girgensohnii var. roseum",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Limpr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum gordjaginii",
        "authorship": "Semenov"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum nemoreum subsp. robustum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Bott."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum nemoreum subsp. warnstorfii",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Bott."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum nemoreum var. patulum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Venturi & Bott."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum patulum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum pseudopatulum var. auriculatum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum f. anisoporum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst. & Cardot) Warnst. ex Z.Iwats."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum f. pallens",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum f. viride",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. auriculatum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. brachycladum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. compactum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. curvulum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. deflexum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. densum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. elegans",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. fallax",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. flagellatum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. giganteum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. girgensohnioides",
        "authorship": "(Russow) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. gracilescens",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. intermedium",
        "authorship": "(Russow ex Warnst.) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. intricatum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. laxum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. microcephalum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. molle",
        "authorship": "(Russow ex Warnst.) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. obscurum",
        "authorship": "(Russow) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. poecilum",
        "authorship": "(Russow) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. polyphyllum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. porosum",
        "authorship": "Bott."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. pulchrum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "(Russow ex Warnst.) A.T.Grimme"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. purpureum",
        "authorship": "(C.E.O.Jensen) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. pusillum",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Bott."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. rhodochroum",
        "authorship": "(Russow) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. rigidum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. roseum",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. speciosum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. squarrosulum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. strictiforme",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. strictum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. strictum",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. submersum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. tenellum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. tenue",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. teres",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. violaceum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. virescens",
        "authorship": "(Russow) A.T.Grimme"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum robustum var. viride",
        "authorship": "(C.E.O.Jensen) Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii f. flavescens",
        "authorship": "(Russow ex Horrell) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii f. intermedium",
        "authorship": "Russow ex Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii f. molle",
        "authorship": "Russow ex Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii f. pallescens",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii f. roseum",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii f. strictum",
        "authorship": "C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii f. virescens",
        "authorship": "(Russow) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. austerum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. fallax",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. flagellatum",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. flavescens",
        "authorship": "Russow ex Horrell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. girgensohnioides",
        "authorship": "Russow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. intermedium",
        "authorship": "(Russow ex Warnst.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. laxum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. molle",
        "authorship": "(Russow ex Warnst.) C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. obscurum",
        "authorship": "Russow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. poecilum",
        "authorship": "Russow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. pulchrum",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. purpurascens",
        "authorship": "Russow ex Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. purpureum",
        "authorship": "C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. pusillum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. rhodochroum",
        "authorship": "Russow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. squarrosulum",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. strictum",
        "authorship": "G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. strictum",
        "authorship": "(Röll) Loeske"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. tenellum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. virescens",
        "authorship": "Russow"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum russowii var. viride",
        "authorship": "C.E.O.Jensen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum schimperi var. patulum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum subnitens var. patulum",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) G.Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum warnstorfii",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum warnstorfii var. auriculatum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum warnstorfii var. fallax",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum warnstorfii var. fibrosum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum warnstorfii var. fimbriatum",
        "authorship": "Warnst. ex Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum warnstorfii var. patulum",
        "authorship": "Schimp. ex Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum warnstorfii var. polyphyllum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum warnstorfii var. strictiforme",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum warnstorfii var. strictum",
        "authorship": "Röll"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum wilsonii var. roseum",
        "authorship": "(Limpr.) Röll"
      }
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    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphagnum_russowii"
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        "photo_id": 142818430,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Michelle Norcéide",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/wyrd-eule",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/c24c4a31-15ed-4168-9747-290b49f3d3cf",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-10",
        "lat": 47.699,
        "lon": -70.602,
        "original": {
          "width": 768,
          "height": 1024
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          768
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/142818430/r1/400.avif",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/142818430/r1/768.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/142818430/r1/400.jpg",
            "768": "https://img.botanai.app/p/142818430/r1/768.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Michelle Norcéide, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": null,
  "phenology": null,
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 1.1,
      "median": 5.8,
      "p95": 9.3
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 419.6,
      "median": 816.5,
      "p95": 1150.8
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 16.1,
      "median": 21.4,
      "p95": 25.2
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -19,
      "median": -8.6,
      "p95": -0.3
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 608.6,
      "median": 1053.2,
      "p95": 2424
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 12.2,
      "median": 24,
      "p95": 52.2
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 89.4,
      "median": 194.3,
      "p95": 368.7
    },
    "n": 403,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 403 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/sphagnum-russowii/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}