{
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  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sphagnum-perichaetiale/",
  "last_modified": "2026-06-03",
  "id": {
    "slug": "sphagnum-perichaetiale",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001189967",
    "inat_taxon_id": 132811
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Sphagnum perichaetiale",
    "authorship": "Hampe",
    "genus": "Sphagnum",
    "epithet": "perichaetiale",
    "family": "Sphagnaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Linnaea 20: 66. 1847.",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.bryonames.org/",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "sphagnum",
      "english": [
        "sphagnum"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum allionii",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum antillarum",
        "authorship": "Schimp. ex Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum arbogastii",
        "authorship": "Renauld & Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum attenuatum",
        "authorship": "Dixon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum bahiense",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum bahiense var. robustius",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum balfourianum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum beccarii",
        "authorship": "Hampe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum biforme",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum brachycladum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal. ex Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum brevicaule",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum carneum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal. & Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum carneum var. fuscscens",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum cruegeri",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum cymbifolium var. bourbonense",
        "authorship": "P.Beauv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum cymbifolium var. ludovicianum",
        "authorship": "Renauld & Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum cymbifolium var. patens",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum derrumbense",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum discrepans",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum drouhardii",
        "authorship": "Cardot"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum earlei",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum erythrocalyx",
        "authorship": "Hampe"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum erythrocalyx var. laeve",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum erythrocalyx var. papillosum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum fleischeri",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum geheebii",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum glaucovirens",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum glaucovirens var. densum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum grandifolium",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum grandifolium var. brachycladum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum grandifolium var. densum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum griffithianum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum guadalupense",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum guadalupense var. husnotii",
        "authorship": "(Schimp.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum guadalupense var. wrightii",
        "authorship": "(Müll.Hal.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum guyonii",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum harperi",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum heterophyllum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum holttumii",
        "authorship": "A.Johnson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum huntii",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum husnotii",
        "authorship": "Schimp."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum japonicum var. philippinense",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum kegelianum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal. ex Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum leratianum",
        "authorship": "Paris & Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum ludovicianum",
        "authorship": "(Renauld & Cardot) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum ludovicianum var. densum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum ludovicianum var. macrophyllum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum macroporum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum marlothii",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum orgaosense",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum orgaosense var. brunnescens",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum ouropretense",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal. & Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum palustre var. patens",
        "authorship": "(Brid.) Bott."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum paranae",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum patens",
        "authorship": "Brid."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum paucifibrosum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum pauciporosum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum pauloense",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum pauloense var. schiffneri",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum perichaetiale var. perichaetiale",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum peruvianum",
        "authorship": "Mitt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum puiggarii",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum puiggarii var. densum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum puiggarii var. squarrosulum",
        "authorship": "(Warnst.) Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum roseotinctum",
        "authorship": "A.Johnson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum santosense",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum santosense var. squarrosulum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum sintenisii",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum subbrachycladum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum subtursum",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum subtursum var. squarrosulum",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum tijucae",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum tijucae var. glaucofuscescens",
        "authorship": "Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum vitjianum",
        "authorship": "Schimp. ex Warnst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sphagnum wrightii",
        "authorship": "Müll.Hal."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
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    "climate": null
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      "median": 20,
      "p95": 23.8
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      "p95": 649
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      "p95": 16.2
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      "p95": 1854.5
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      "p95": 56
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      "p95": 361.6
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    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 324 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
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    },
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    },
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  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No dated flowering annotations found for this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/sphagnum-perichaetiale/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}