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  "name": {
    "scientific": "Solidago gigantea",
    "authorship": "Aiton",
    "genus": "Solidago",
    "epithet": "gigantea",
    "family": "Asteraceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": true,
    "published_in": "Hort. Kew. [W. Aiton] 3: 211. 1789",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.compositae.org/gcd/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1100072",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "giant goldenrod",
      "english": [
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    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Aster latissimifolius var. serotinus",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Doria dumetorum",
        "authorship": "(Lunell) Lunell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Doria pitcheri",
        "authorship": "(Nutt.) Lunell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago cleliae",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago dumetorum",
        "authorship": "Lunell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago gigantea subsp. gigantea",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago gigantea subsp. serotina",
        "authorship": "(Kuntze) McNeill"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago gigantea var. leiophylla",
        "authorship": "Fernald"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago gigantea var. pitcheri",
        "authorship": "(Nutt.) Shinners"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago gigantea var. serotina",
        "authorship": "(Kuntze) Cronquist"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago gigantea var. shinnersii",
        "authorship": "Beaudry"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago glabra",
        "authorship": "Desf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago pitcheri",
        "authorship": "Nutt."
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago serotina",
        "authorship": "Aiton"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago serotina f. serotina",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago serotina var. gigantea",
        "authorship": "(Aiton) A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago serotina var. minor",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago serotina var. serotina",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago serotinoides",
        "authorship": "Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago shinnersii",
        "authorship": "(Beaudry) Beaudry"
      },
      {
        "name": "Solidago somesii",
        "authorship": "Rydb."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solidago_gigantea"
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    "n_annotated": 1572,
    "sufficient": true,
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    "peak_basis": "share",
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    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
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      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
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  "traits": {
    "lifeform": null,
    "climate": null
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
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  "sources": [
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      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "native_range",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "Kew's World Checklist of Vascular Plants does not cover this taxon."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/solidago-gigantea-aiton-0000130517/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}