Solanum dulcamaraL.

bittersweet nightshade

WFO wfo-0001027661 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h

Solanum dulcamara, photographed by Kalvin Chan
fig. a Kalvin Chan, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-06-13 / obs. 205876575
Solanum dulcamara, photographed by Erin Springinotic
fig. b Erin Springinotic, CC0 1.0 / obs. 205922902
Solanum dulcamara, photographed by Michelle Norcéide
fig. c Michelle Norcéide, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205912869
Solanum dulcamara, photographed by Erin Springinotic
fig. d Erin Springinotic, CC0 1.0 / obs. 205924217
Solanum dulcamara, photographed by Daniel Cahen
fig. e Daniel Cahen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205547127
Solanum dulcamara, photographed by Erin Springinotic
fig. f Erin Springinotic, CC0 1.0 / obs. 205924017
Solanum dulcamara, photographed by Daniel Seth Jackson
fig. g Daniel Seth Jackson, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205797375
Solanum dulcamara, photographed by Annie Weissman
fig. h Annie Weissman, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 205757493

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Flowering n = 8,293 observations

Peak flowering in Jun, from 8,293 community-annotated observations worldwide. This is a global aggregate, not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres, and citizen-science records cluster near cities, at weekends, and in spring. Where a species has fewer than 30 annotated records we do not draw this chart at all.

Also published as 93 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Dulcamara albiflora Opiz
  • Dulcamara flexuosa Moench
  • Dulcamara flexuosa f. flexuosa
  • Dulcamara flexuosa f. violacea Opiz
  • Dulcamara flexuosa var. albiflora Opiz
  • Dulcamara flexuosa var. cordata Opiz
  • Dulcamara flexuosa var. flexuosa
  • Dulcamara flexuosa var. hastiifolia Opiz
  • Dulcamara flexuosa var. ovata Opiz
  • Dulcamara lignosa Gilib.
  • Dulcamara violacea Opiz
  • Lycopersicon dulcamara (L.) Medik.
  • Solanum albiflora Farw.
  • Solanum albiflorum House
  • Solanum asiae-mediae Pojark.
  • Solanum assimile Frivaldsky von Frivald
  • Solanum assimile Friv.
  • Solanum atroviolaceum Máthé
  • Solanum borealisinense C.Y.Wu & S.C.Huang
  • Solanum depilatum Kitag.
  • Solanum dulcamara f. albiflorum House
  • Solanum dulcamara f. albiflorum Farw.
  • Solanum dulcamara f. assimile Frivaldsky von Frivald
  • Solanum dulcamara f. dulcamara

and 69 more.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice, no toxicity claim and no native range, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.