Smyrnium perfoliatumL.

WFO wfo-0000431294 Accepted WFO 2026-06 8 photographs CC0 / CC BY

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Smyrnium perfoliatum, photographed by scolym
fig. a scolym, CC BY 4.0 / 2022-05-22 / obs. 203604945
Smyrnium perfoliatum, photographed by Jens-Christian Svenning
fig. b Jens-Christian Svenning, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 198706659
Smyrnium perfoliatum, photographed by Daniel Cahen
fig. c Daniel Cahen, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 197756127
Smyrnium perfoliatum, photographed by Piermario Maculan
fig. d Piermario Maculan, CC0 1.0 / obs. 195469524
Smyrnium perfoliatum, photographed by Pavel Kacl
fig. e Pavel Kacl, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 194879386
Smyrnium perfoliatum, photographed by Hana Váchová
fig. f Hana Váchová, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 193845636
Smyrnium perfoliatum, photographed by Petr Harant
fig. g Petr Harant, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 193061338
Smyrnium perfoliatum, photographed by Pavel Kacl
fig. h Pavel Kacl, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 193462037

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 26 botanical countries

Regions where Smyrnium perfoliatum is native: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Lebanon-Syria, North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Türkiye, Albania, Bulgaria, Corse, Czechia-Slovakia, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kriti, Krym, NW. Balkan Pen., Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, Spain, Türkiye-in-Europe AlgeriaMoroccoTunisiaCyprusEast Aegean Is.Lebanon-SyriaNorth CaucasusTranscaucasusTürkiyeAlbaniaBulgariaCorseCzechia-SlovakiaFranceGreeceHungaryItalyKritiKrymNW. Balkan Pen.PortugalRomaniaSiciliaSpainTürkiye-in-Europe Sardegna
Native distribution of Smyrnium perfoliatum, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows. Regions too small to draw at this scale are marked with a dot.
RegionTDWG codeContinent
Albania ALB EUROPE
Bulgaria BUL
Corse COR
Czechia-Slovakia CZE
France FRA
Greece GRC
Hungary HUN
Italy ITA
Kriti KRI
Krym KRY
NW. Balkan Pen. YUG
Portugal POR
Romania ROM
Sardegna SAR
Sicilia SIC
Spain SPA
Türkiye-in-Europe TUE
Cyprus CYP ASIA-TEMPERATE
East Aegean Is. EAI
Lebanon-Syria LBS
North Caucasus NCS
Transcaucasus TCS
Türkiye TUR
Algeria ALG AFRICA
Morocco MOR
Tunisia TUN

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 259 in flower of 393 examined

Peak flowering in May. Each bar is the share of Smyrnium perfoliatum observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 259 of 393 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 6 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 8 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

  • Selinum dioscoridis (Spreng.) E.H.L.Krause
  • Smyrnium dimartinoi Raimondo, Mazzola & Spadaro
  • Smyrnium dioscoridis Spreng.
  • Smyrnium dodonaei Spreng.
  • Smyrnium matthioli Presl
  • Smyrnium ramosum d'Urv.
  • Smyrnium rotundifolium Mill.
  • Smyrnium rotundifolium var. ovatifolium Halácsy

Sourcesevery claim on this page

  1. World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
  2. iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
  3. Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.