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  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "siparuna-thecaphora",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000506004",
    "inat_taxon_id": 278192
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Siparuna thecaphora",
    "authorship": "(Poepp. & Endl.) A.DC.",
    "genus": "Siparuna",
    "epithet": "thecaphora",
    "family": "Siparunaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Prodr.  16(2): 657 (1868)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:582392-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Citrosma andina",
        "authorship": "Tul."
      },
      {
        "name": "Citrosma chiridota",
        "authorship": "Tul."
      },
      {
        "name": "Citrosma lagopus",
        "authorship": "Tul."
      },
      {
        "name": "Citrosma riparia",
        "authorship": "Tul."
      },
      {
        "name": "Citrosma thecaphora",
        "authorship": "Poepp. & Endl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna andina",
        "authorship": "(Tul.) A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna chiridota",
        "authorship": "(Tul.) A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna colimensis",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna dasyantha",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna davillifolia",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna diandra",
        "authorship": "J.A.Duke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna domatiata",
        "authorship": "A.H.Gentry"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna geniculata",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna gilgiana",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna grisea",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna heteropoda",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna lagopus",
        "authorship": "(Tul.) A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna loretensis",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna macra",
        "authorship": "Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna manarae",
        "authorship": "Steyerm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna metensis",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna microphylla",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna nicaraguensis",
        "authorship": "Hemsl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna nigra",
        "authorship": "Rusby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna parviflora",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna pubancura",
        "authorship": "S.S.Renner & Hausner"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna riparia",
        "authorship": "(Tul.) A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna riparia var. grandiflora",
        "authorship": "Perk."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna riparia var. macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna riparia var. sumichrastii",
        "authorship": "A.DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna stellulata var. manarae",
        "authorship": "(Steyerm.) Steyerm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna sumichrastii",
        "authorship": "(A.DC.) Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna tapatana",
        "authorship": "A.C.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna ternata",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna tetradenia",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna venezuelensis",
        "authorship": "Perkins"
      },
      {
        "name": "Siparuna verticillata",
        "authorship": "S.S.Renner & Hausner"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
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    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
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  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "MXC",
      "MXG",
      "MXE",
      "MXT",
      "MXS",
      "BLZ",
      "BOL",
      "BZN",
      "BZC",
      "CLM",
      "COS",
      "ECU",
      "GUA",
      "HON",
      "NIC",
      "PAN",
      "PER",
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    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 4,
    "n_annotated": 17,
    "sufficient": false
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub or tree",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 4 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/siparuna-thecaphora/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}