{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/sinningia-incarnata/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "sinningia-incarnata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000497288",
    "inat_taxon_id": 291681
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Sinningia incarnata",
    "authorship": "(Aubl.) D.L.Denham",
    "genus": "Sinningia",
    "epithet": "incarnata",
    "family": "Gesneriaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Baileya 19: 126 (1974)",
    "protologue_url": "https://padme.rbge.org.uk/wfo/wfo-0000497288",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Besleria incarnata",
        "authorship": "Aubl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Corytholoma caracasanum",
        "authorship": "(Otto & A.Dietr.) Decne."
      },
      {
        "name": "Corytholoma chelonioides",
        "authorship": "(Kunth) Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Corytholoma chelonoides",
        "authorship": "Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Corytholoma ellipticum",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Decne."
      },
      {
        "name": "Corytholoma gracile",
        "authorship": "Brongn. ex Decne."
      },
      {
        "name": "Corytholoma gracile",
        "authorship": "Brongn. ex Regel"
      },
      {
        "name": "Corytholoma rutilum",
        "authorship": "(Lindl.) Decne."
      },
      {
        "name": "Corytholoma warscewiczii",
        "authorship": "Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Corytholoma warszewiczii",
        "authorship": "(C.D.Bouché & Hanst.) Standl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Fimbrolina incarnata",
        "authorship": "(Aubl.) Raf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesnera eggersii",
        "authorship": "Donn.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesnera lehmannii",
        "authorship": "Donn.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria aurantiaca",
        "authorship": "Hanst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria barbata",
        "authorship": "A.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria caracasana",
        "authorship": "Otto & A.Dietr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria chelonioides",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria coccinea",
        "authorship": "Hort. Germanicus ex Hanst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria eggersii",
        "authorship": "Donn.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria elliptica",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria elliptica var. lutea",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria erubescens",
        "authorship": "Hanst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria flavescens",
        "authorship": "Hanst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria gollmeriana",
        "authorship": "Hanst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria gracilis",
        "authorship": "(Brongn. ex Regel) Hanst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria lehmannii",
        "authorship": "Donn.Sm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria lindeniana",
        "authorship": "Brongn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria punctata",
        "authorship": "Hort. ex Hanst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria punctata",
        "authorship": "Hort. ex Decne."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria rutila",
        "authorship": "Lindl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria vargasii",
        "authorship": "DC."
      },
      {
        "name": "Gesneria warszewiczii",
        "authorship": "C.D.Bouché & Hanst."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria aurantiaca",
        "authorship": "(Hanst.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria caracasana",
        "authorship": "(Otto & A.Dietr.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria chelonioides",
        "authorship": "(Kunth) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria chelonoides",
        "authorship": "(Kunth) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria elliptica",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria erubescens",
        "authorship": "(Hanst.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria faucidens",
        "authorship": "Hoehne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria faucidens var. parvifolia",
        "authorship": "Hoehne"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria flavescens",
        "authorship": "(Hanst.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria gollmeriana",
        "authorship": "(Hanst.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria gracilis",
        "authorship": "(Brongn. ex Regel) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria incarnata",
        "authorship": "(Aubl.) Leeuwenb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria rutila",
        "authorship": "(Lindl.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria vargasii",
        "authorship": "(DC.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria warczewiczii",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rechsteineria warszewiczii",
        "authorship": "(C.D.Bouché & Hanst.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sinningia warszewiczii",
        "authorship": "(C.D.Bouché & Hanst.) H.E.Moore"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
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    "usable_found": 22,
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  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "MXG",
      "MXT",
      "MXS",
      "BZN",
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      "CLM",
      "COS",
      "ELS",
      "FRG",
      "GUA",
      "GUY",
      "HON",
      "NIC",
      "PAN",
      "PER",
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    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 22,
    "n_annotated": 23,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "subshrub or shrub",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 22 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/sinningia-incarnata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}