{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/senecio-lividus/",
  "last_modified": "2024-06-04",
  "id": {
    "slug": "senecio-lividus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000122180",
    "inat_taxon_id": 341158
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Senecio lividus",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Senecio",
    "epithet": "lividus",
    "family": "Asteraceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 867 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": "https://www.compositae.org/gcd/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1097777",
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Senecio auriculatus",
        "authorship": "Desf."
      },
      {
        "name": "Senecio foeniculaceus",
        "authorship": "Ten."
      },
      {
        "name": "Senecio litardierei",
        "authorship": "(Rouy) P.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Senecio lividovulgaris",
        "authorship": "Lojac."
      },
      {
        "name": "Senecio lividus subsp. foeniculaceus",
        "authorship": "(Ten.) Braun-Blanq. & Maire"
      },
      {
        "name": "Senecio lividus var. biennis",
        "authorship": "Humbert"
      },
      {
        "name": "Senecio lividus var. lividus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Senecio lividus var. major",
        "authorship": "Gren. & Godr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Senecio lividus var. pinguis",
        "authorship": "Ball"
      },
      {
        "name": "Senecio sonchoides",
        "authorship": "Lojac."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 51,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY",
      "CC-BY-SA"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 186458209,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Yves Bas",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/yvesbas",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/bf7bc11d-68cd-4f94-b782-44bb04f19ddc",
        "observed_on": "2022-04-02",
        "lat": 42.307,
        "lon": 3.296,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186458209/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186458209/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186458209/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/186458209/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Yves Bas, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 134414835,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Yves Bas",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/yvesbas",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/41237d0d-7bd1-4e89-95b8-484e37fcbb06",
        "observed_on": "2021-05-30",
        "lat": 43.856,
        "lon": 3.714,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/134414835/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/134414835/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/134414835/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/134414835/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Yves Bas, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 131021169,
        "license": "CC-BY-SA",
        "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": true,
        "creator": "Josep Gesti",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/josepgesti",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/74eb5dfb-5426-49b5-a2a8-e973cef033f4",
        "observed_on": "2021-05-23",
        "lat": 41.898,
        "lon": 2.603,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/131021169/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/131021169/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/131021169/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/131021169/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Josep Gesti, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 80954468,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Carminda Santos",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/cminda",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/be50fb2e-7bc6-4509-8dc1-95f7bfa4bbcd",
        "observed_on": "2020-06-25",
        "lat": 40.903,
        "lon": -8.237,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/80954468/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/80954468/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/80954468/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/80954468/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Carminda Santos, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 61129477,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Duarte Frade",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/duarte",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/c1064758-01ed-4dbc-800e-8bf31a421862",
        "observed_on": "2020-02-08",
        "lat": 40.303,
        "lon": -8.229,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/61129477/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/61129477/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/61129477/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/61129477/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Duarte Frade, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 14815016,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Julien Renoult",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/jujurenoult",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/b125d5e8-9732-4710-b54c-acb0a9f240b9",
        "observed_on": "2018-03-17",
        "lat": 41.447,
        "lon": 9.089,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/14815016/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/14815016/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/14815016/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/14815016/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Julien Renoult, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 151643727,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "José Luis Camaño",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/joluca",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ce3467db-a0b1-45ae-b9fe-607873231228",
        "observed_on": "2018-04-22",
        "lat": 42.391,
        "lon": -7.206,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151643727/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151643727/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151643727/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151643727/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "José Luis Camaño, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 151642875,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "José Luis Camaño",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/joluca",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d50b68b6-25c7-4b45-a891-afc1b19421db",
        "observed_on": "2018-03-30",
        "lat": 42.19,
        "lon": -8.795,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151642875/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151642875/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151642875/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/151642875/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "José Luis Camaño, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALG",
      "MOR",
      "TUN",
      "EAI",
      "TUR",
      "BAL",
      "COR",
      "FRA",
      "GRC",
      "ITA",
      "POR",
      "SAR",
      "SIC",
      "SPA"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALG",
        "name": "Algeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOR",
        "name": "Morocco",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUN",
        "name": "Tunisia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "EAI",
        "name": "East Aegean Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAL",
        "name": "Baleares",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POR",
        "name": "Portugal",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAR",
        "name": "Sardegna",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SIC",
        "name": "Sicilia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 99,
    "n_annotated": 100,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      4,
      14,
      28,
      29,
      21,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      2
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      4,
      14,
      29,
      29,
      21,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0,
      2
    ],
    "share": [
      null,
      1,
      0.9655,
      1,
      1,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      null,
      [
        0.7847,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.8282,
        0.9939
      ],
      [
        0.883,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.8454,
        1
      ],
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 2,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "annual",
    "climate": "subtropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/senecio-lividus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}