{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/schoenoplectus-lacustris/", "last_modified": "2025-12-15", "id": { "slug": "schoenoplectus-lacustris", "wfo": "wfo-0000527292", "inat_taxon_id": 168628 }, "name": { "scientific": "Schoenoplectus lacustris", "authorship": "(L.) Palla", "genus": "Schoenoplectus", "epithet": "lacustris", "family": "Cyperaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 299 (1888)", "protologue_url": "https://www.cyperaceae.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=715967", "common": { "preferred": "Common Club-rush", "english": [ "Common Club-rush", "lakeshore bulrush" ], "source": "wikidata" }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Cyperus americanus", "authorship": "Garsault" }, { "name": "Cyperus lacustris", "authorship": "(L.) Missbach & E.H.L.Krause" }, { "name": "Eleogiton duvalii", "authorship": "Fourr." }, { "name": "Eleogiton lacustris", "authorship": "(L.) Fourr." }, { "name": "Heleophylax lacustris", "authorship": "(L.) Schinz & Thell." }, { "name": "Hymenochaeta lacustris", "authorship": "(L.) Nakai" }, { "name": "Hymenochaeta makinoi", "authorship": "Nakai" }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus grossheimii", "authorship": "Pobed." }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus hippolyti", "authorship": "V.I.Krecz." }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus hippolyti", "authorship": "(V.I.Krecz.) V.I.Krecz. ex Grossh." }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus lacustris f. compactus", "authorship": "(Beckh.) Soó" }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus lacustris f. confertus", "authorship": "(Schur) Soó" }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus lacustris f. conglomeratus", "authorship": "(Junge) Soó" }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus lacustris f. foliosus", "authorship": "(Des Moul.) Soó" }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus lacustris f. laxiflorus", "authorship": "(Kuntze) Soó" }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus lacustris f. minor", "authorship": "(Baumg.) Soó" }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus lacustris f. palustris", "authorship": "(Schltdl.) Soó" }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus lacustris f. radiatus", "authorship": "(Vollm.) Soó" }, { "name": "Schoenoplectus lacustris f. terrestris", "authorship": "(Glück) Soó" }, { "name": "Schoenus lacustris", "authorship": "(L.) Bernh." }, { "name": "Scirpus altissimus", "authorship": "Gilib." }, { "name": "Scirpus andrzejowscii", "authorship": "Besser" }, { "name": "Scirpus barbatulus", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Scirpus barbulatus", "authorship": "Kunth" }, { "name": "Scirpus brayi", "authorship": "Hoppe ex Roem. & Schult." }, { "name": "Scirpus ciliatus", "authorship": "Steud." }, { "name": "Scirpus custoris", "authorship": "Hegetschw" }, { "name": "Scirpus drepanensis", "authorship": "Lojac." }, { "name": "Scirpus grossheimii", "authorship": "(Pobed.) Czerep." }, { "name": "Scirpus hippolyti", "authorship": "V.I.Krecz." }, { "name": "Scirpus holoschoenus", "authorship": "Oeder" }, { "name": "Scirpus janii", "authorship": "Besser" }, { "name": "Scirpus jardinei", "authorship": "Steud. & Jard." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris", "authorship": "L." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. compactus", "authorship": "Beckh." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. confertus", "authorship": "Schur" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. conglomeratus", "authorship": "Junge" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. foliosus", "authorship": "Des Moul." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. laxiflorus", "authorship": "Kuntze" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. minor", "authorship": "(Schrad.) Baumg." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. palustris", "authorship": "Schltdl." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. radiatus", "authorship": "Vollm." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. sparganiifolius", "authorship": "Volobaev" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris f. terrestris", "authorship": "Glück" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris subsp. hippolytii", "authorship": "(V.I.Krecz.) Kukkonen" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris subsp. thracicus", "authorship": "Velen." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris subvar. fluitans", "authorship": "Coss. & Germ." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. bodamicus", "authorship": "Gaudin" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. carinatus", "authorship": "Nakai" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. condensatus", "authorship": "Peck" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. custoris", "authorship": "(Hegetschw) Nyman" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. digynus", "authorship": "Godr." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. fluitans", "authorship": "(Coss. & Germ.) Rouy" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. foliosus", "authorship": "(Des Moul.) Rouy" }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. genuinus", "authorship": "Godr." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. major", "authorship": "Schrad." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. medius", "authorship": "Schrad." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. medius", "authorship": "Schrad. ex Lej." }, { "name": "Scirpus lacustris var. minor", "authorship": "Schrad." }, { "name": "Scirpus lithuanicus", "authorship": "Besser" }, { "name": "Scirpus macrophyllus", "authorship": "Besser" }, { "name": "Scirpus medius", "authorship": "Gray" }, { "name": "Scirpus meyenii", "authorship": "Nees" }, { "name": "Scirpus orgyalis", "authorship": "Raf." }, { "name": "Scirpus pungens", "authorship": "Willd. ex Kunth" }, { "name": "Scirpus trigonus", "authorship": "Nolte" }, { "name": "Scirpus turgidus", "authorship": "Thuill." }, { "name": "Scirpus validus f. dutillyanus", "authorship": "Lepage" }, { "name": "Scirpus validus f. megastachyus", "authorship": "Fernald" }, { "name": "Scirpus validus var. condensatus", "authorship": "(Peck) Beetle" }, { "name": "Scirpus wolfgangii", "authorship": "Besser" } ], "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schoenoplectus_lacustris" }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 249, "licences": [ "CC-BY" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 204945139, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Vladimír Fuka", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/vladimir_fuka", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/cd15a837-cafe-4841-a08c-a982b5ebd7d0", "observed_on": "2022-06-10", "lat": 50.141, "lon": 13.843, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/204945139/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/204945139/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/204945139/r1/400.jpg", "800": 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"region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "BLT", "name": "Baltic States", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "BLR", "name": "Belarus", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "BGM", "name": "Belgium", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "BUL", "name": "Bulgaria", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "RUC", "name": "Central European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "COR", "name": "Corse", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "CZE", "name": "Czechia-Slovakia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "DEN", "name": "Denmark", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "RUE", "name": "East European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "FIN", "name": "Finland", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "FRA", "name": "France", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "GER", "name": "Germany", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "GRB", "name": "Great Britain", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "GRC", "name": "Greece", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "HUN", "name": "Hungary", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "IRE", "name": "Ireland", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "ITA", "name": "Italy", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "KRI", "name": "Kriti", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "KRY", "name": "Krym", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "YUG", "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "NET", "name": "Netherlands", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "RUN", "name": "North European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "RUW", "name": "Northwest European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "NOR", "name": "Norway", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "POL", "name": "Poland", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "POR", "name": "Portugal", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "ROM", "name": "Romania", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "SAR", "name": "Sardegna", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "SIC", "name": "Sicilia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "RUS", "name": "South European Russia", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" }, { "code": "SPA", "name": "Spain", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southwestern Europe" }, { "code": "SWE", "name": "Sweden", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Northern Europe" }, { "code": "SWI", "name": "Switzerland", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Middle Europe" }, { "code": "TUE", "name": "Türkiye-in-Europe", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Southeastern Europe" }, { "code": "UKR", "name": "Ukraine", "continent": "EUROPE", "region": "Eastern Europe" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 42, "n_annotated": 98, "sufficient": true, "by_month": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 13, 18, 8, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "annotated_by_month": [ 0, 1, 1, 1, 3, 17, 38, 22, 10, 4, 1, 0 ], "share": [ null, null, null, null, null, 0.7647, 0.4737, 0.3636, 0, null, null, null ], "ci": [ null, null, null, null, null, [ 0.5274, 0.9045 ], [ 0.3248, 0.6274 ], [ 0.1973, 0.5705 ], [ 0, 0.2775 ], null, null, null ], "peak_month": 6, "peak_basis": "share", "min_month_n": 5, "fruiting": { "n": 50, "by_month": [ 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 4, 19, 11, 9, 4, 1, 0 ], "share": [ null, null, null, null, null, 0.2353, 0.5, 0.5, 0.9, null, null, null ], "ci": [ null, null, null, null, null, [ 0.0955, 0.4726 ], [ 0.3485, 0.6515 ], [ 0.3072, 0.6928 ], [ 0.5958, 0.9821 ], null, null, null ], "peak_month": 9 }, "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "perennial", "climate": "temperate" }, "climate_envelope": { "mean_annual_temp_c": { "p5": 2, "median": 5.7, "p95": 11.2 }, "temp_seasonality": { "p5": 557.1, "median": 933, "p95": 1267.1 }, "max_temp_warmest_month_c": { "p5": 20.2, "median": 23.1, "p95": 27.2 }, "min_temp_coldest_month_c": { "p5": -19.1, "median": -9.4, "p95": 0.9 }, "annual_precip_mm": { "p5": 434.5, "median": 654.7, "p95": 950.1 }, "precip_seasonality": { "p5": 15.4, "median": 29.8, "p95": 49.3 }, "precip_driest_quarter_mm": { "p5": 52.4, "median": 105.1, "p95": 171.4 }, "n": 2003, "units": { "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius", "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)", "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)", "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year", "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter" }, "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec", "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.", "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2003 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.", "is_hardiness_zone": false, "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other." }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Wikidata", "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-13" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." }, { "field": "hardiness_zone", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/schoenoplectus-lacustris/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }