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  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "schizachyrium-sanguineum",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000898173",
    "inat_taxon_id": 168601
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  "name": {
    "scientific": "Schizachyrium sanguineum",
    "authorship": "(Retz.) Alston",
    "genus": "Schizachyrium",
    "epithet": "sanguineum",
    "family": "Poaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6(Suppl.): 334 (1931)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:420951-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "crimson bluestem",
      "english": [
        "crimson bluestem"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Andropogon acuminatus",
        "authorship": "Swallen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon caespitosus",
        "authorship": "Phil."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon domingensis",
        "authorship": "(Spreng. ex Schult.) F.T.Hubb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon feensis",
        "authorship": "E.Fourn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon flavescens",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon hirtiflorus",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon hirtiflorus var. brevipedicellatus",
        "authorship": "Beal"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon hirtiflorus var. feensis",
        "authorship": "(E.Fourn.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon hirtiflorus var. genuinus",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon hirtiflorus var. gracilis",
        "authorship": "Rendle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon hirtiflorus var. hirtiflorus",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon hirtiflorus var. oligostachyus",
        "authorship": "(Chapm.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon hirtiflorus var. semiberbis",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon leptostachyus",
        "authorship": "Benth."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon lumeneensis",
        "authorship": "Vanderyst"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon myosurus",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon myosurus var. feensis",
        "authorship": "(E.Fourn.) Urbina"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon oligostachyus",
        "authorship": "Chapm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon pseudograya",
        "authorship": "Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon riedelii",
        "authorship": "Trin."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon riedelii var. genuinus",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon riedelii var. multirameus",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon sanguineus",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Merr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon sanguineus var. brevipedicellatus",
        "authorship": "(Beal) Y.Herrera"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon sanguineus var. oligostachyus",
        "authorship": "(Chapm.) Y.Herrera"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon semiberbis",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon semiberbis subvar. leptostachyus",
        "authorship": "(Benth.) Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon semiberbis subvar. pruinatus",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon semiberbis var. humilis",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon semiberbis var. incertus",
        "authorship": "Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon semiglaber",
        "authorship": "(Nash) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon semiglabrum",
        "authorship": "(Nash) Beetle"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon tener",
        "authorship": "Curtiss ex Hack."
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon vaginatus",
        "authorship": "J.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Andropogon velatus",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Aristida domingensis",
        "authorship": "(Spreng. ex Schult.) Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Pollinia fulta",
        "authorship": "Desv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rottboellia sanguinea",
        "authorship": "Retz."
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium ambalavense",
        "authorship": "A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium domingense",
        "authorship": "(Spreng. ex Schult.) Nash"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium feense",
        "authorship": "(E.Fourn.) A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium griseum",
        "authorship": "Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium hirtiflorum",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium inspersum",
        "authorship": "Pilg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium lindiense",
        "authorship": "Pilg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium myosurum",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium myosurus",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium oligostachyum",
        "authorship": "(Chapm.) Nash"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium paucispiculatum",
        "authorship": "Sulekic & Peichoto"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium riedelii",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) A.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium riedelii var. multirameum",
        "authorship": "(Hack.) Henrard"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum subvar. domingense",
        "authorship": "(Spreng. ex Schult.) Roberty"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum subvar. feense",
        "authorship": "(E.Fourn.) Roberty"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum subvar. hirtiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Roberty"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum subvar. multirameum",
        "authorship": "(Hack.) Roberty"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum subvar. myosurus",
        "authorship": "(J.Presl) Roberty"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum subvar. riedelii",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Roberty"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum subvar. semiberbe",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Roberty"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum var. brevipedicellatum",
        "authorship": "(Beal) S.L.Hatch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum var. hirtiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Nees) S.L.Hatch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum var. oligostachyum",
        "authorship": "(Chapm.) S.L.Hatch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium sanguineum var. sanguineum",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium schottii",
        "authorship": "Nash"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium semiberbe",
        "authorship": "Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium semiberbe var. flocculiferum",
        "authorship": "Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium semiberbe var. hemileium",
        "authorship": "Stapf"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium semiberbe var. humile",
        "authorship": "Gould"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium semiberbe var. pilosum",
        "authorship": "Gilli"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium semiglabrum",
        "authorship": "Nash"
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium tenuispicatum",
        "authorship": "Pilg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Schizachyrium weberbaueri",
        "authorship": "Pilg."
      },
      {
        "name": "Sorghum flavescens",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sorghum hirtiflorum",
        "authorship": "(Nees) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sorghum riedelii",
        "authorship": "(Trin.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sorghum sanguineum",
        "authorship": "(Retz.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sorghum semiberbe",
        "authorship": "Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Streptachne domingensis",
        "authorship": "Spreng. ex Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Thelepogon sanguineus",
        "authorship": "Spreng."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizachyrium_sanguineum"
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        "code": "ZAI",
        "name": "DR Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWZ",
        "name": "Eswatini",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ETH",
        "name": "Ethiopia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAB",
        "name": "Gabon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GHA",
        "name": "Ghana",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUI",
        "name": "Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GNB",
        "name": "Guinea-Bissau",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "IVO",
        "name": "Ivory Coast",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAT",
        "name": "KwaZulu-Natal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLI",
        "name": "Mali",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NAM",
        "name": "Namibia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGR",
        "name": "Niger",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "NGA",
        "name": "Nigeria",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SEN",
        "name": "Senegal",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUD",
        "name": "Sudan-South Sudan",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Northeast Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TOG",
        "name": "Togo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHS",
        "name": "China Southeast",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHH",
        "name": "Hainan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHT",
        "name": "Tibet",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "AND",
        "name": "Andaman Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASS",
        "name": "Assam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "IND",
        "name": "India",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAO",
        "name": "Laos",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "LSI",
        "name": "Lesser Sunda Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MLY",
        "name": "Malaya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "MYA",
        "name": "Myanmar",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWG",
        "name": "New Guinea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Papuasia"
      },
      {
        "code": "PHI",
        "name": "Philippines",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "SRL",
        "name": "Sri Lanka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indian Subcontinent"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUM",
        "name": "Sumatera",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Malesia"
      },
      {
        "code": "THA",
        "name": "Thailand",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "VIE",
        "name": "Vietnam",
        "continent": "ASIA-TROPICAL",
        "region": "Indo-China"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALA",
        "name": "Alabama",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "ARI",
        "name": "Arizona",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southwestern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "FLA",
        "name": "Florida",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "GEO",
        "name": "Georgia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MXI",
        "name": "Mexican Pacific Is.",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXN",
        "name": "Mexico Northwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWM",
        "name": "New Mexico",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "TEX",
        "name": "Texas",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "South-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "AGE",
        "name": "Argentina Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGW",
        "name": "Argentina Northwest",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BAH",
        "name": "Bahamas",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZS",
        "name": "Brazil South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZL",
        "name": "Brazil Southeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLC",
        "name": "Chile Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "CUB",
        "name": "Cuba",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "JAM",
        "name": "Jamaica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAR",
        "name": "Paraguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "TRT",
        "name": "Trinidad-Tobago",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "URU",
        "name": "Uruguay",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 8,
    "n_annotated": 12,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "seasonally dry tropical"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": 15.5,
      "median": 22.5,
      "p95": 26
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 45.1,
      "median": 299.5,
      "p95": 548.1
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 24.9,
      "median": 29.6,
      "p95": 32
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": 1.9,
      "median": 12.1,
      "p95": 22.9
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 506.4,
      "median": 1339.1,
      "p95": 3020.7
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 47.2,
      "median": 65.4,
      "p95": 95.6
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 14.8,
      "median": 136.2,
      "p95": 260
    },
    "n": 144,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": null,
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 144 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/schizachyrium-sanguineum/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}