{
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  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/saxifraga-paniculata/",
  "last_modified": "2024-08-22",
  "id": {
    "slug": "saxifraga-paniculata",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000493624",
    "inat_taxon_id": 132437
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Saxifraga paniculata",
    "authorship": "Mill.",
    "genus": "Saxifraga",
    "epithet": "paniculata",
    "family": "Saxifragaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 3 (1768)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:794228-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Livelong Saxifrage",
      "english": [
        "Livelong Saxifrage",
        "White Mountain saxifrage"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea aizoon",
        "authorship": "(Jacq.) Haw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea aizoopsis",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea alpicola",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea beugesiaca",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea brevicaulis",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea calcarea",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea carthusiana",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea cartilaginea",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Haw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea flexipes",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea glabrata",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea glareosa",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea gracilescens",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea laevigata",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea leptopetala",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea orophila",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea paniculata",
        "authorship": "(Mill.) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea paniculata subsp. neogaea",
        "authorship": "(Butters) Á.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea patulipes",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea petrophila",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea punctillata",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea pusilla",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea refracta",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea rosella",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea rosularis",
        "authorship": "Haw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea valida",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea virgata",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Chondrosea viridula",
        "authorship": "Jord. & Fourr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon",
        "authorship": "Jacq."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon f. frigida",
        "authorship": "Butters"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon f. stabiana",
        "authorship": "(Ten.) Bolzon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon subsp. euaizoon",
        "authorship": "Engl. & Irmsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon subsp. laestadii",
        "authorship": "Neuman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon subsp. neogaea",
        "authorship": "(Butters) Á.Löve & D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon subvar. alpicola",
        "authorship": "(Jord. & Fourr.) Engl. & Irmsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon subvar. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon subvar. elongata",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon subvar. petrophila",
        "authorship": "(Jord. & Fourr.) Engl. & Irmsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon subvar. recta",
        "authorship": "(Lapeyr.) Engl. & Irmsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon subvar. subaffinis",
        "authorship": "Engl. & Irmsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked balcana",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked baldensis",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked correvoniana",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked elongata",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked flavescens",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked gracilis",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked hirsuta",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked intacta",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked labradorica",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked lagraveana",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked lutea",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked major",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked minor",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked notata",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked orientalis",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked punctata",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked punctatissima",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked pusilla",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked rex",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked rosea",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked rosularis",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked sempervivum",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon unranked triternata",
        "authorship": "Farrer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. brachyphylla",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. cartilaginea",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. flabellata",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. impunctata",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. intacta",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Pančić"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. laeta",
        "authorship": "(Schott, Nyman & Kotschy) Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. linearifolia",
        "authorship": "Engl. & Irmsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. linguaeformis",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. longifolia",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. major",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. minor",
        "authorship": "Roth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. montana",
        "authorship": "Engl. & Irmsch."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. neogaea",
        "authorship": "Butters"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. orientalis",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. racemulosa",
        "authorship": "Pančić"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. recta",
        "authorship": "(Lapeyr.) Bolzon"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. rufescens",
        "authorship": "Gaudin"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. valida",
        "authorship": "Rouy & E.G.Camus"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoon var. vulgaris",
        "authorship": "Amo"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga aizoonia",
        "authorship": "St.-Lag."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga brevifolia",
        "authorship": "Dalla Torre"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga caespitosa",
        "authorship": "A.Gray"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga capitata",
        "authorship": "Hegetschw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga carinthiaca",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga cartilaginea",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga cartilaginea subsp. erubescens",
        "authorship": "Mobayen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga chlorantha",
        "authorship": "Dulac"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga ciliolata",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga compacta",
        "authorship": "Hegetschw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga cordi",
        "authorship": "Bubani"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga cotyledon",
        "authorship": "Wulfen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga cotyledon",
        "authorship": "M.Bieb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga cultrata",
        "authorship": "Schott, Nyman & Kotschy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga dilatata",
        "authorship": "Schott, Nyman & Kotschy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga elatior",
        "authorship": "Wimm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga erecta",
        "authorship": "Ten."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga globulifera",
        "authorship": "Schur"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga intacta",
        "authorship": "Willd."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga laeta",
        "authorship": "Schott, Nyman & Kotschy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga lingulata",
        "authorship": "Moretti"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga maculata",
        "authorship": "Schrank"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga malyi",
        "authorship": "Schott, Nyman & Kotschy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga neglecta",
        "authorship": "Ten."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga notata",
        "authorship": "Schott, Nyman & Kotschy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subsp. cartilaginea",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) D.A.Webb"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subsp. laestadii",
        "authorship": "(Neuman) Karlsson"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subsp. neogaea",
        "authorship": "(Butters) D.Löve"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subsp. paniculata",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subsp. stabiana",
        "authorship": "(Ten.) Pignatti"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subvar. alpicola",
        "authorship": "(Engl. & Irmsch.) Staszk. & Wójcicki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subvar. brevifolia",
        "authorship": "(Engl. & Irmsch.) Staszk. & Wójcicki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subvar. elongata",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Staszk. & Wójcicki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subvar. linearifolia",
        "authorship": "(Engl. & Irmsch.) Staszk. & Wójcicki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subvar. petrophila",
        "authorship": "(Engl. & Irmsch.) Staszk. & Wójcicki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subvar. recta",
        "authorship": "(Ser.) Staszk. & Wójcicki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga paniculata subvar. subaffinis",
        "authorship": "(Briq.) Staszk. & Wójcicki"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga pectinata",
        "authorship": "Schott, Nyman & Kotschy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga pyramidalis",
        "authorship": "Salisb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga recta",
        "authorship": "Lapeyr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga robusta",
        "authorship": "Schott, Nyman & Kotschy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga rosularis",
        "authorship": "Haw."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga rosulenta",
        "authorship": "Ehrh. ex Ser."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga stabiana",
        "authorship": "Ten."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga stenoglossa",
        "authorship": "Tausch ex Schott, Nyman & Kotschy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga sturmiana",
        "authorship": "Schott, Nyman & Kotschy"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga submutica",
        "authorship": "hort. ex Steud."
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga thyrsiflora",
        "authorship": "Pančić"
      },
      {
        "name": "Saxifraga zeleborii",
        "authorship": "Schott"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxifraga_paniculata"
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        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/phiro",
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          "width": 1024,
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        },
        "widths": [
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        ],
        "urls": {
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          "jpeg": {
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            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201003727/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Philipp, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 200921283,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Attila Oláh",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/attilaolah",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/1aaeb1a5-e4b0-43e7-9d47-ba46a1e71d59",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-26",
        "lat": 46.958,
        "lon": 8.982,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
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        "widths": [
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        "urls": {
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          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200921283/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/200921283/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Attila Oláh, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 201194664,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Attila Oláh",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/attilaolah",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/756ea73c-32ea-4bfd-b619-510a8857dd7e",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-26",
        "lat": 46.956,
        "lon": 8.984,
        "original": {
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        "widths": [
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        ],
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            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201194664/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201194664/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Attila Oláh, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
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      "NCS",
      "TCS",
      "TUR",
      "ALB",
      "AUT",
      "BUL",
      "COR",
      "CZE",
      "FRA",
      "GER",
      "GRC",
      "HUN",
      "ICE",
      "ITA",
      "YUG",
      "NOR",
      "POL",
      "ROM",
      "SPA",
      "SWI",
      "UKR",
      "GNL",
      "LAB",
      "MAI",
      "MAN",
      "MIC",
      "MIN",
      "NBR",
      "NWH",
      "NWY",
      "NFL",
      "NWT",
      "NSC",
      "NUN",
      "ONT",
      "QUE",
      "VER"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "IRN",
        "name": "Iran",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TUR",
        "name": "Türkiye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Western Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "ALB",
        "name": "Albania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "COR",
        "name": "Corse",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ICE",
        "name": "Iceland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SPA",
        "name": "Spain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GNL",
        "name": "Greenland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "LAB",
        "name": "Labrador",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAI",
        "name": "Maine",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MAN",
        "name": "Manitoba",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "MIC",
        "name": "Michigan",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "MIN",
        "name": "Minnesota",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "North-Central U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NBR",
        "name": "New Brunswick",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWH",
        "name": "New Hampshire",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NWY",
        "name": "New York",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      },
      {
        "code": "NFL",
        "name": "Newfoundland",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWT",
        "name": "Northwest Territories",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NSC",
        "name": "Nova Scotia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUN",
        "name": "Nunavut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ONT",
        "name": "Ontario",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "QUE",
        "name": "Québec",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Eastern Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "VER",
        "name": "Vermont",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northeastern U.S.A."
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 677,
    "n_annotated": 1090,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      3,
      41,
      225,
      315,
      87,
      6,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      5,
      13,
      19,
      40,
      101,
      297,
      374,
      163,
      41,
      17,
      12,
      8
    ],
    "share": [
      0,
      0,
      0,
      0.075,
      0.4059,
      0.7576,
      0.8422,
      0.5337,
      0.1463,
      0,
      0,
      0
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0,
        0.4345
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.2281
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.1682
      ],
      [
        0.0258,
        0.1986
      ],
      [
        0.3153,
        0.5035
      ],
      [
        0.7057,
        0.8028
      ],
      [
        0.8018,
        0.8757
      ],
      [
        0.4573,
        0.6087
      ],
      [
        0.0688,
        0.2844
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.1843
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.2425
      ],
      [
        0,
        0.3244
      ]
    ],
    "peak_month": 7,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 75,
      "by_month": [
        0,
        0,
        0,
        1,
        3,
        5,
        29,
        25,
        8,
        3,
        0,
        1
      ],
      "share": [
        0,
        0,
        0,
        0.025,
        0.0297,
        0.0168,
        0.0775,
        0.1534,
        0.1951,
        0.1765,
        0,
        0.125
      ],
      "ci": [
        [
          0,
          0.4345
        ],
        [
          0,
          0.2281
        ],
        [
          0,
          0.1682
        ],
        [
          0.0044,
          0.1288
        ],
        [
          0.0102,
          0.0837
        ],
        [
          0.0072,
          0.0388
        ],
        [
          0.0545,
          0.1091
        ],
        [
          0.1061,
          0.2166
        ],
        [
          0.1023,
          0.3401
        ],
        [
          0.0619,
          0.4103
        ],
        [
          0,
          0.2425
        ],
        [
          0.0224,
          0.4709
        ]
      ],
      "peak_month": 9
    },
    "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "subshrub",
    "climate": "temperate"
  },
  "climate_envelope": {
    "mean_annual_temp_c": {
      "p5": -2,
      "median": 2.7,
      "p95": 8.9
    },
    "temp_seasonality": {
      "p5": 518,
      "median": 694.4,
      "p95": 1054.3
    },
    "max_temp_warmest_month_c": {
      "p5": 12.3,
      "median": 16.8,
      "p95": 22.4
    },
    "min_temp_coldest_month_c": {
      "p5": -17.4,
      "median": -12.2,
      "p95": -3.1
    },
    "annual_precip_mm": {
      "p5": 821.3,
      "median": 1486.9,
      "p95": 2482.5
    },
    "precip_seasonality": {
      "p5": 11.3,
      "median": 28.2,
      "p95": 42
    },
    "precip_driest_quarter_mm": {
      "p5": 123.6,
      "median": 242.3,
      "p95": 476.7
    },
    "n": 2000,
    "units": {
      "mean_annual_temp_c": "degrees Celsius",
      "min_temp_coldest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MINIMUM of the coldest month)",
      "max_temp_warmest_month_c": "degrees Celsius (mean daily MAXIMUM of the warmest month)",
      "annual_precip_mm": "millimetres per year",
      "precip_driest_quarter_mm": "millimetres in the driest quarter"
    },
    "source": "CHELSA V2.1 climatologies 1981-2010, 30 arcsec",
    "citation": "Karger, D.N. et al. (2017) Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data 4, 170122.",
    "occurrences": "iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "occurrences_doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x",
    "method": "Climate sampled at every georeferenced research-grade observation of the species. Reported as the 5th to 95th percentile across 2000 of them. Species with fewer than 30 georeferenced observations get no envelope.",
    "is_hardiness_zone": false,
    "hardiness_zone_note": "min_temp_coldest_month_c is NOT a USDA hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature; this is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is typically about 16 C warmer. Do not present one as the other."
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "hardiness_zone",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published for any species. A USDA hardiness zone is the average annual EXTREME minimum temperature, and we hold the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and typically about 16 C warmer. Presenting one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a zone at all."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/saxifraga-paniculata/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}