{ "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json", "schema_version": 1, "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/salix-caroliniana/", "last_modified": "2024-06-04", "id": { "slug": "salix-caroliniana", "wfo": "wfo-0000929287", "inat_taxon_id": 125683 }, "name": { "scientific": "Salix caroliniana", "authorship": "Michx.", "genus": "Salix", "epithet": "caroliniana", "family": "Salicaceae", "rank": "species", "taxonomic_status": "accepted", "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06", "is_homonym": false, "published_in": "Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 226 (1803)", "protologue_url": null, "common": { "preferred": "coastal plain willow", "english": [ "coastal plain willow" ], "source": "wikidata" }, "synonyms": [ { "name": "Amerina caroliniana", "authorship": "(Michx.) Raf." }, { "name": "Pleiarina caroliniana", "authorship": "(Michx.) N.Chao & G.T.Gong" }, { "name": "Salix amphibia", "authorship": "Small" }, { "name": "Salix cordata f. discolor", "authorship": "Andersson" }, { "name": "Salix harbisonii", "authorship": "C.K.Schneid." }, { "name": "Salix laevigata var. wardii", "authorship": "(Bebb) C.K.Schneid." }, { "name": "Salix longipes", "authorship": "Hook.f. ex Andersson" }, { "name": "Salix longipes var. pubescens", "authorship": "Andersson" }, { "name": "Salix longipes var. venulosa", "authorship": "C.K.Schneid." }, { "name": "Salix longipes var. wardii", "authorship": "(Bebb) C.K.Schneid." }, { "name": "Salix nigra f. gongylocarpa", "authorship": "Schuttl. ex Andersson" }, { "name": "Salix nigra f. venulosa", "authorship": "Andersson" }, { "name": "Salix nigra var. venulosa", "authorship": "(Andersson) Bebb" }, { "name": "Salix nigra var. wardii", "authorship": "Bebb" }, { "name": "Salix occidentalis", "authorship": "Bosc ex Koch" }, { "name": "Salix pitcheriana", "authorship": "Baratt" }, { "name": "Salix wardii", "authorship": "(Bebb) Bebb" } ], "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_caroliniana" }, "photographs": { "shown": 8, "usable_found": 224, "licences": [ "CC0", "CC-BY", "CC-BY-SA" ], "noncommercial_excluded": true, "items": [ { "photo_id": 197103809, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/pufferchung", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/0edbb4f2-7c41-485b-8638-1f22ad870366", "observed_on": "2022-05-11", "lat": 29.969, "lon": -99.403, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 683 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/197103809/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/197103809/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/197103809/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/197103809/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Michelle W. （鍾偉瑋）, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 182110751, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Athena Philips", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/athena_wildweeds", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/a801daa5-4ba6-441c-b9fb-9b7836cb238d", "observed_on": "2022-03-08", "lat": 28.697, "lon": -82.408, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/182110751/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/182110751/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/182110751/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/182110751/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Athena Philips, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 180299263, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Josiah Londerée", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/gatorhawk", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d29f9001-3216-43ea-bdbb-b5d0126ce08f", "observed_on": "2022-02-21", "lat": 26.307, "lon": -80.156, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 678 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/180299263/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/180299263/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/180299263/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/180299263/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 178485082, "license": "CC-BY", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Josiah Londerée", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/gatorhawk", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/48541f62-a1dc-4c2a-a742-c9ecbc983f3b", "observed_on": "2022-02-06", "lat": 26.002, "lon": -80.411, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 678 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178485082/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178485082/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178485082/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/178485082/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Josiah Londerée, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 174730703, "license": "CC0", "license_name": "CC0 1.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "kerykeion", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/kerykeion", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/936221fb-4e7f-4762-b7e5-fc6523dc740c", "observed_on": "2022-01-03", "lat": 29.879, "lon": -81.285, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 683 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174730703/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174730703/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174730703/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/174730703/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "kerykeion, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 172111102, "license": "CC-BY-SA", "license_name": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "derivatives_restricted": true, "creator": "Judy Gallagher", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/judygva", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/db5c11fc-2f43-46ad-b14d-d4438dce110b", "observed_on": "2021-12-11", "lat": 28.646, "lon": -80.677, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/172111102/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/172111102/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/172111102/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/172111102/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Judy Gallagher, CC BY-SA 4.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 150196595, "license": "CC0", "license_name": "CC0 1.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Jade Fortnash", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/buggybuddy", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3ba9fc5c-742c-463f-bb28-c6617cbc8773", "observed_on": "2021-07-15", "lat": 26.072, "lon": -80.276, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/150196595/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/150196595/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/150196595/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/150196595/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Jade Fortnash, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist" }, { "photo_id": 130807075, "license": "CC0", "license_name": "CC0 1.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "derivatives_restricted": false, "creator": "Jade Fortnash", "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/buggybuddy", "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d39178b1-d08a-40f8-9506-25bd69c80018", "observed_on": "2021-05-21", "lat": 25.973, "lon": -80.25, "original": { "width": 1024, "height": 768 }, "widths": [ 400, 800 ], "urls": { "avif": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/130807075/r1/400.avif", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/130807075/r1/800.avif" }, "jpeg": { "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/130807075/r1/400.jpg", "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/130807075/r1/800.jpg" } }, "attribution": "Jade Fortnash, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist" } ] }, "native_range": { "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3", "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "excludes": [ "introduced", "extinct", "location_doubtful" ], "codes": [ "ALA", "ARK", "WDC", "FLA", "GEO", "ILL", "INI", "KAN", "KTY", "LOU", "MRY", "MXE", "MSI", "MSO", "NCA", "OHI", "OKL", "PEN", "SCA", "TEN", "TEX", "VRG", "WVA", "GUA" ], "regions": [ { "code": "ALA", "name": "Alabama", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "ARK", "name": "Arkansas", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "WDC", "name": "District of Columbia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "FLA", "name": "Florida", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "GEO", "name": "Georgia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "ILL", "name": "Illinois", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "INI", "name": "Indiana", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "KAN", "name": "Kansas", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "KTY", "name": "Kentucky", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "LOU", "name": "Louisiana", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MRY", "name": "Maryland", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MXE", "name": "Mexico Northeast", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Mexico" }, { "code": "MSI", "name": "Mississippi", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "MSO", "name": "Missouri", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "NCA", "name": "North Carolina", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "OHI", "name": "Ohio", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "OKL", "name": "Oklahoma", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "North-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "PEN", "name": "Pennsylvania", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "SCA", "name": "South Carolina", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "TEN", "name": "Tennessee", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "TEX", "name": "Texas", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "South-Central U.S.A." }, { "code": "VRG", "name": "Virginia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Southeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "WVA", "name": "West Virginia", "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Northeastern U.S.A." }, { "code": "GUA", "name": "Guatemala", "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA", "region": "Central America" } ] }, "phenology": { "n": 53, "n_annotated": 106, "sufficient": true, "by_month": [ 13, 19, 16, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4 ], "annotated_by_month": [ 16, 28, 28, 9, 5, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 5, 6 ], "share": [ 0.8125, 0.6786, 0.5714, 0.1111, 0, null, null, null, null, null, 0, 0.6667 ], "ci": [ [ 0.5699, 0.9341 ], [ 0.4934, 0.8207 ], [ 0.3907, 0.7349 ], [ 0.0199, 0.435 ], [ 0, 0.4345 ], null, null, null, null, null, [ 0, 0.4345 ], [ 0.3, 0.9032 ] ], "peak_month": 1, "peak_basis": "share", "min_month_n": 5, "doi": "10.15468/dl.cgje2x", "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations", "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)", "fields": { "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)", "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".", "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.", "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.", "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count." } }, "traits": { "lifeform": "shrub or tree", "climate": "temperate" }, "identification": { "on_device_model": { "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)", "identifies_this_species": false }, "in_accuracy_benchmark": false, "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/", "confused_with": [] }, "sources": [ { "name": "World Flora Online Plant List", "note": "accepted name, authority, classification", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-12" }, { "name": "iNaturalist", "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only", "license": "per photograph", "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/", "retrieved": "2026-06-27" }, { "name": "Wikidata", "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)", "license": "CC0", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/", "retrieved": "2026-07-13" }, { "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)", "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form", "license": "CC BY 3.0", "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr", "retrieved": "2026-06-04" } ], "gaps": [ { "field": "care", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted." }, { "field": "toxicity", "status": "not_published", "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready." }, { "field": "botanical_review", "status": "not_sourced", "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page." } ], "license": { "data": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/salix-caroliniana/", "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)." } }