Sagittaria cuneata (arumleaf arrowhead)

Plate 1 figs. a–h · 8 separate observations

Sagittaria cuneata, photographed by Mary Krieger — fig. a Mary Krieger, CC BY 4.0 / 2021-08-25 / obs. 155031283

Sagittaria cuneata, photographed by Reuven Martin — fig. d Reuven Martin, CC0 1.0 / obs. 149514399

Sagittaria cuneata, photographed by Eric Lamb — fig. e Eric Lamb, CC BY 4.0 / obs. 148668550

Sagittaria cuneata, photographed by Braden J. Judson — fig. f Braden J. Judson, CC0 1.0 / obs. 147140789

Sagittaria cuneata, photographed by Erin Springinotic — fig. g Erin Springinotic, CC0 1.0 / obs. 144014969

Every figure is a research-grade observation under CC0, CC BY or CC BY-SA, rehosted with the photographer’s name, the licence and the observation it came from. Photographs under a NonCommercial licence are excluded from this site and are never stored, which costs us a great many pictures and is not negotiable.

Native range 44 botanical countries

Native distribution of Sagittaria cuneata, after Kew’s World Checklist of Vascular Plants. Introduced, extinct and doubtful records are excluded, so this is where the plant is from, not everywhere it now grows.

Region	TDWG code	Continent
Alaska	ASK	NORTHERN AMERICA
Alberta	ABT
Arizona	ARI
British Columbia	BRC
California	CAL
Colorado	COL
Connecticut	CNT
Idaho	IDA
Illinois	ILL
Indiana	INI
Iowa	IOW
Kansas	KAN
Labrador	LAB
Maine	MAI
Manitoba	MAN
Massachusetts	MAS
Michigan	MIC
Minnesota	MIN
Montana	MNT
Nebraska	NEB
Nevada	NEV
New Brunswick	NBR
New Hampshire	NWH
New Jersey	NWJ
New Mexico	NWM
New York	NWY
North Dakota	NDA
Northwest Territories	NWT
Nova Scotia	NSC
Ohio	OHI
Oklahoma	OKL
Ontario	ONT
Oregon	ORE
Pennsylvania	PEN
Québec	QUE
Saskatchewan	SAS
South Dakota	SDA
Texas	TEX
Utah	UTA
Vermont	VER
Washington	WAS
Wisconsin	WIS
Wyoming	WYO
Yukon	YUK

Region boundaries approximated from Natural Earth (public domain) and mapped to TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level-3 botanical countries (Brummitt 2001). Indicative, not the official WGSRPD geometry.

Flowering 185 in flower of 232 examined

72%

84%

83%

53%

Proportion of examined Sagittaria cuneata in flower, by month
Month	In flower	Examined	Share	95% interval
Jan	0	0	too few examined
Feb	0	0	too few examined
Mar	0	0	too few examined
Apr	0	0	too few examined
May	0	1	too few examined
Jun	13	18	72%	49% to 88%
Jul	72	86	84%	75% to 90%
Aug	90	108	83%	75% to 89%
Sep	10	19	53%	32% to 73%
Oct	0	0	too few examined
Nov	0	0	too few examined
Dec	0	0	too few examined

Peak flowering in Jul. Each bar is the share of Sagittaria cuneata observations in which someone actually recorded the reproductive state and found the plant in flower, not the raw number of flowering records. That distinction matters: people observe plants far more in spring than in winter, so a bare count of flowering records partly measures when people go outside. Dividing by the number examined removes that. 185 of 232 examined observations were in flower, every one of them research grade. The whisker on each bar is a 95% Wilson interval. 8 months have fewer than 5 examined observations, so no proportion is drawn for them. This is still a global aggregate and not a forecast for your garden: the same species flowers on different dates in different hemispheres. Where a species has fewer than 30 flowering records we do not draw this chart at all. Computed from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Where it actually grows measured, from 1,565 observations

Condition	5th percentile	Median	95th percentile
Coldest month, mean daily low	-20.1 °C	-12.7 °C	-4.5 °C
Warmest month, mean daily high	21.9 °C	25.0 °C	31.6 °C
Annual rainfall	324 mm	563 mm	1,204 mm
Rainfall in the driest quarter	31 mm	62 mm	234 mm

It is found where winters are severely cold. This is not care advice and it is not a forecast. It is a measurement: we sampled the climate at every one of the 1,565 research-grade observations of Sagittaria cuneata that carry a coordinate, and this is the range those places actually span. The 5th and 95th percentiles are used rather than the minimum and maximum, because a single cultivated specimen in a heated conservatory should not widen a tropical plant's range to the Arctic.

This is not a hardiness zone. A USDA zone is the average annual extreme minimum temperature. The figure above is the mean daily minimum of the coldest month, which is a different quantity and is typically far warmer. Reading one as the other would place a plant several zones too warm, so we do not publish a hardiness zone, because we do not have one. Climate from CHELSA V2.1 (Karger et al. 2017); occurrences from 10.15468/dl.cgje2x.

Also published as 15 synonyms

A synonym is not an error. It is a record of botanists disagreeing, in print, about where this plant belongs. Each of these was somebody’s considered answer.

Sagittaria arifolia Nutt. ex J.G.Sm.
Sagittaria arifolia var. aquatilis J.G.Sm. ex Norton
Sagittaria arifolia var. cuneata Lunell
Sagittaria arifolia var. dimorpha Lunell
Sagittaria arifolia var. monomorpha Lunell
Sagittaria arifolia var. polymorpha Lunell
Sagittaria arifolia var. stricta J.G.Sm.
Sagittaria arifolia var. tenuor Blank.
Sagittaria cuneata f. cuneata
Sagittaria cuneata f. equiloba Fernald
Sagittaria cuneata f. hemicycla Fernald
Sagittaria hebetiloba A.Nelson
Sagittaria paniculata Blank.
Sagittaria sagittifolia var. minor Pursh
Sagittaria suksdorfii Gand.

Sourcesevery claim on this page

World Flora Online Plant List. accepted name, authority, classification. CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-12.
iNaturalist. photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only. per photograph. Retrieved 2026-06-27.
Wikidata. common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715). CC0. Retrieved 2026-07-13.
Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16). native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form. CC BY 3.0. Retrieved 2026-06-04.

We publish what we can source and we say so when we cannot. This page has no care advice and no toxicity claim, because we do not yet have those from a source we can cite.