{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/rumex-aquaticus/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "rumex-aquaticus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000403540",
    "inat_taxon_id": 168229
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Rumex aquaticus",
    "authorship": "L.",
    "genus": "Rumex",
    "epithet": "aquaticus",
    "family": "Polygonaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl. : 336 (1753)",
    "protologue_url": null,
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Scottish Dock",
      "english": [
        "Scottish Dock",
        "western dock"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Rumex aquaticus subsp. euaquaticus",
        "authorship": "Rech.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rumex aquaticus subsp. insularis",
        "authorship": "Tolm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rumex arcticus",
        "authorship": "Trautv."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rumex arcticus var. kamtschadalus",
        "authorship": "(Kom.) Rech.f. ex Tolm."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rumex domesticus var. nanus",
        "authorship": "Hook."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rumex kamtschadalus",
        "authorship": "Kom."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rumex longifolius var. nanus",
        "authorship": "(Hook.) Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rumex protractus",
        "authorship": "Rech.f."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rumex ursinus",
        "authorship": "Maximova"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumex_aquaticus"
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 8,
    "usable_found": 285,
    "licences": [
      "CC0",
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 205696960,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Константин Селивёрстов",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/konstantinseliverstov",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4ee28ce0-87bd-4912-8729-dd22f39d3ae8",
        "observed_on": "2022-06-12",
        "lat": 58.137,
        "lon": 52.704,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205696960/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205696960/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205696960/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/205696960/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Константин Селивёрстов, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 203253595,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Марина Садыкова",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/marina_sad",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/d4ec6cfa-1179-462f-95d6-5c7ca2f89685",
        "observed_on": "2022-06-04",
        "lat": 56.053,
        "lon": 37.585,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 684
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/203253595/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/203253595/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/203253595/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/203253595/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Марина Садыкова, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 201247368,
        "license": "CC0",
        "license_name": "CC0 1.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Daria",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/kotia",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/569c6ede-bfbf-479d-beec-3d7ff2688b9d",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-28",
        "lat": 55.783,
        "lon": 37.425,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 797
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201247368/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201247368/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201247368/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/201247368/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Daria, CC0 1.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 196942797,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Валерия Ковалева",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/valerkov",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/ceac0698-1446-4d9d-8357-1b3dc667dddd",
        "observed_on": "2022-05-12",
        "lat": 52.956,
        "lon": 158.7,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196942797/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196942797/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196942797/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196942797/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Валерия Ковалева, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 161015431,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "iljar",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/iljar",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3e38c9b6-48a5-4ddc-8ecb-5eec4760c154",
        "observed_on": "2021-10-02",
        "lat": 56.569,
        "lon": 61.254,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161015431/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161015431/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161015431/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/161015431/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "iljar, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 152853681,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Евгений Егорейченков",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/evgenyi_eg",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3999c4d3-177c-4d56-837f-325a09ae117a",
        "observed_on": "2021-08-23",
        "lat": 55.16,
        "lon": 60.16,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152853681/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152853681/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152853681/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/152853681/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Евгений Егорейченков, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 150980085,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Nina Filippova",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/ninacourlee",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/3aca011c-aac6-4093-911a-6ac80987264b",
        "observed_on": "2021-08-15",
        "lat": 61.018,
        "lon": 69.094,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 683
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/150980085/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/150980085/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/150980085/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/150980085/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Nina Filippova, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 143027441,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "snaily_naily",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/snaily_naily",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/885a379c-c7f2-4abd-ad06-4fd8d1928d8c",
        "observed_on": "2021-07-11",
        "lat": 55.342,
        "lon": 38.62,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 576
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143027441/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143027441/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143027441/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/143027441/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "snaily_naily, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "ALT",
      "AMU",
      "BRY",
      "CHN",
      "CHC",
      "CTA",
      "CHI",
      "IRK",
      "KAM",
      "KAZ",
      "KHA",
      "KGZ",
      "KOR",
      "KRA",
      "KUR",
      "MAG",
      "CHM",
      "MON",
      "NCS",
      "PRM",
      "CHQ",
      "SAK",
      "TCS",
      "TVA",
      "UZB",
      "WSB",
      "CHX",
      "YAK",
      "AUT",
      "BLT",
      "BLR",
      "BUL",
      "RUC",
      "CZE",
      "DEN",
      "RUE",
      "FIN",
      "FRA",
      "GER",
      "GRB",
      "GRC",
      "HUN",
      "ITA",
      "YUG",
      "RUN",
      "RUW",
      "NOR",
      "POL",
      "ROM",
      "RUS",
      "SWE",
      "SWI",
      "UKR",
      "ASK",
      "BRC",
      "NWT",
      "NUN",
      "YUK"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ALT",
        "name": "Altay",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AMU",
        "name": "Amur",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRY",
        "name": "Buryatiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHN",
        "name": "China North-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHC",
        "name": "China South-Central",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "CTA",
        "name": "Chita",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHI",
        "name": "Inner Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "IRK",
        "name": "Irkutsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAM",
        "name": "Kamchatka",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KAZ",
        "name": "Kazakhstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KHA",
        "name": "Khabarovsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "KGZ",
        "name": "Kirgizstan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KOR",
        "name": "Korea",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Eastern Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KRA",
        "name": "Krasnoyarsk",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "KUR",
        "name": "Kuril Is.",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "MAG",
        "name": "Magadan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHM",
        "name": "Manchuria",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "MON",
        "name": "Mongolia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Mongolia"
      },
      {
        "code": "NCS",
        "name": "North Caucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "PRM",
        "name": "Primorye",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHQ",
        "name": "Qinghai",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "SAK",
        "name": "Sakhalin",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Russian Far East"
      },
      {
        "code": "TCS",
        "name": "Transcaucasus",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Caucasus"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVA",
        "name": "Tuva",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "UZB",
        "name": "Uzbekistan",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Central Asia"
      },
      {
        "code": "WSB",
        "name": "West Siberia",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "CHX",
        "name": "Xinjiang",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "China"
      },
      {
        "code": "YAK",
        "name": "Yakutiya",
        "continent": "ASIA-TEMPERATE",
        "region": "Siberia"
      },
      {
        "code": "AUT",
        "name": "Austria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLT",
        "name": "Baltic States",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLR",
        "name": "Belarus",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUL",
        "name": "Bulgaria",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUC",
        "name": "Central European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "CZE",
        "name": "Czechia-Slovakia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "DEN",
        "name": "Denmark",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUE",
        "name": "East European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FIN",
        "name": "Finland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRA",
        "name": "France",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southwestern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GER",
        "name": "Germany",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRB",
        "name": "Great Britain",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "GRC",
        "name": "Greece",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "HUN",
        "name": "Hungary",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ITA",
        "name": "Italy",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUG",
        "name": "NW. Balkan Pen.",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUN",
        "name": "North European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUW",
        "name": "Northwest European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "NOR",
        "name": "Norway",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "POL",
        "name": "Poland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ROM",
        "name": "Romania",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Southeastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "RUS",
        "name": "South European Russia",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWE",
        "name": "Sweden",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Northern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWI",
        "name": "Switzerland",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Middle Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "UKR",
        "name": "Ukraine",
        "continent": "EUROPE",
        "region": "Eastern Europe"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASK",
        "name": "Alaska",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BRC",
        "name": "British Columbia",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western Canada"
      },
      {
        "code": "NWT",
        "name": "Northwest Territories",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NUN",
        "name": "Nunavut",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      },
      {
        "code": "YUK",
        "name": "Yukon",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Subarctic America"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 13,
    "n_annotated": 64,
    "sufficient": false,
    "fruiting": {
      "n": 37,
      "by_month": [
        0,
        0,
        1,
        0,
        0,
        2,
        12,
        20,
        1,
        1,
        0,
        0
      ],
      "share": [
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        0.1818,
        0.5455,
        0.9091,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "ci": [
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null,
        [
          0.0514,
          0.477
        ],
        [
          0.3466,
          0.7308
        ],
        [
          0.7218,
          0.9747
        ],
        null,
        null,
        null,
        null
      ],
      "peak_month": 8
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "perennial",
    "climate": "subalpine or subarctic"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 13 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/rumex-aquaticus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}