{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/ruellia-coccinea/",
  "last_modified": "2024-06-04",
  "id": {
    "slug": "ruellia-coccinea",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000401988",
    "inat_taxon_id": 713670
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Ruellia coccinea",
    "authorship": "(L.) Vahl",
    "genus": "Ruellia",
    "epithet": "coccinea",
    "family": "Acanthaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Symb. Bot.  3: 83 (1794)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:53926-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "yerba maravilla",
      "english": [
        "yerba maravilla"
      ],
      "source": "usda"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Arrhostoxylum coccineum",
        "authorship": "(L.) Nees"
      },
      {
        "name": "Barleria coccinea",
        "authorship": "L."
      },
      {
        "name": "Erythracanthus coccineus",
        "authorship": "(L.) C.Presl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Stemonacanthus coccineus",
        "authorship": "(L.) Griseb."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 4,
    "usable_found": 4,
    "licences": [
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
      {
        "photo_id": 196281471,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Marcos Rodriguez Bobadilla",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mjrodriguez",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/e2705b63-cd82-487f-995e-cdc2d2061327",
        "observed_on": "2021-05-01",
        "lat": 18.052,
        "lon": -71.295,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281471/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281471/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281471/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281471/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Marcos Rodriguez Bobadilla, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 13642561,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "botanygirl",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/botanygirl",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/4df4854f-00fe-4337-afea-737228ffcfcc",
        "observed_on": "2016-04-16",
        "lat": 18.1,
        "lon": -66.259,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/13642561/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/13642561/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/13642561/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/13642561/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "botanygirl, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 196281435,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Marcos Rodriguez Bobadilla",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mjrodriguez",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/e2705b63-cd82-487f-995e-cdc2d2061327",
        "observed_on": "2021-05-01",
        "lat": 18.052,
        "lon": -71.295,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281435/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281435/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281435/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281435/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Marcos Rodriguez Bobadilla, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      },
      {
        "photo_id": 196281452,
        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "Marcos Rodriguez Bobadilla",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/mjrodriguez",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/e2705b63-cd82-487f-995e-cdc2d2061327",
        "observed_on": "2021-05-01",
        "lat": 18.052,
        "lon": -71.295,
        "original": {
          "width": 1024,
          "height": 768
        },
        "widths": [
          400,
          800
        ],
        "urls": {
          "avif": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281452/r1/400.avif",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281452/r1/800.avif"
          },
          "jpeg": {
            "400": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281452/r1/400.jpg",
            "800": "https://img.botanai.app/p/196281452/r1/800.jpg"
          }
        },
        "attribution": "Marcos Rodriguez Bobadilla, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "DOM",
      "HAI",
      "LEE",
      "PUE",
      "WIN"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "DOM",
        "name": "Dominican Republic",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "HAI",
        "name": "Haiti",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "LEE",
        "name": "Leeward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "PUE",
        "name": "Puerto Rico",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "WIN",
        "name": "Windward Is.",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 30,
    "n_annotated": 31,
    "sufficient": true,
    "by_month": [
      5,
      3,
      9,
      5,
      2,
      0,
      1,
      0,
      0,
      1,
      1,
      3
    ],
    "annotated_by_month": [
      5,
      3,
      9,
      5,
      2,
      0,
      1,
      1,
      0,
      1,
      1,
      3
    ],
    "share": [
      1,
      null,
      1,
      1,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "ci": [
      [
        0.5655,
        1
      ],
      null,
      [
        0.7008,
        1
      ],
      [
        0.5655,
        1
      ],
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null,
      null
    ],
    "peak_month": 1,
    "peak_basis": "share",
    "min_month_n": 5
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "USDA PLANTS Database",
      "note": "common name, checklist symbol RUCO5",
      "license": "public domain",
      "url": "https://plants.usda.gov/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/ruellia-coccinea/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}