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  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
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    "slug": "rubus-pinnatus",
    "wfo": "wfo-0001016858",
    "inat_taxon_id": 593372
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Rubus pinnatus",
    "authorship": "Willd.",
    "genus": "Rubus",
    "epithet": "pinnatus",
    "family": "Rosaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Sp. Pl., ed. 4.  2: 1081 (1799)",
    "protologue_url": "https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:739175-1",
    "common": {
      "preferred": "Cape bramble",
      "english": [
        "Cape bramble",
        "South African bramble",
        "South African raspberry",
        "blackberry"
      ],
      "source": "wikidata"
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Rubus afrorum",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus afrotropicus",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Guinea"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus caffrorum",
        "authorship": "Gand."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus kingaensis",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus ledermannii",
        "authorship": "Focke"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus ledermannii var. beleensis",
        "authorship": "P.Royen"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus ledermannii var. serrulatus",
        "authorship": "Gust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus madagascarius",
        "authorship": "Gust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus madagascarius f. umbrosus",
        "authorship": "Gust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pappei",
        "authorship": "Eckl. & Zeyh."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus f. lobatus",
        "authorship": "Gust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus f. subglandulosus",
        "authorship": "Gust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus f. suprapilosus",
        "authorship": "Gust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus subsp. afrotropicus",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus subvar. concolor",
        "authorship": "Hauman"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus var. afrotropicus",
        "authorship": "(Engl.) Gust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus var. defensus",
        "authorship": "Gust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus var. ledermannii",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus var. mutatus",
        "authorship": "Gust."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus pinnatus var. subglandulosus",
        "authorship": "(Gust.) R.A.Graham"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus rosifolius unranked pinnatus",
        "authorship": "(Willd.) Kuntze"
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus rungwensis",
        "authorship": "Engl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Rubus subulatus",
        "authorship": "Welw. ex Focke"
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
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    "usable_found": 178,
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    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
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      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
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    "codes": [
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      "CPP",
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      "CON",
      "ZAI",
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      "GAB",
      "GUI",
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      "KEN",
      "LES",
      "LBR",
      "MDG",
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      "RWA",
      "TAN",
      "TOG",
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      "ZIM"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "ANG",
        "name": "Angola",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ASC",
        "name": "Ascension",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Middle Atlantic Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "BUR",
        "name": "Burundi",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CMN",
        "name": "Cameroon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CPP",
        "name": "Cape Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CAF",
        "name": "Central African Republic",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "CON",
        "name": "Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAI",
        "name": "DR Congo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "SWZ",
        "name": "Eswatini",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GAB",
        "name": "Gabon",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUI",
        "name": "Guinea",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "GGI",
        "name": "Gulf of Guinea Is.",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "IVO",
        "name": "Ivory Coast",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "KEN",
        "name": "Kenya",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "LES",
        "name": "Lesotho",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "LBR",
        "name": "Liberia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "MDG",
        "name": "Madagascar",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Western Indian Ocean"
      },
      {
        "code": "MOZ",
        "name": "Mozambique",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TVL",
        "name": "Northern Provinces",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "Southern Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "RWA",
        "name": "Rwanda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West-Central Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TAN",
        "name": "Tanzania",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "TOG",
        "name": "Togo",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "West Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "UGA",
        "name": "Uganda",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "East Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZAM",
        "name": "Zambia",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      },
      {
        "code": "ZIM",
        "name": "Zimbabwe",
        "continent": "AFRICA",
        "region": "South Tropical Africa"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 8,
    "n_annotated": 36,
    "sufficient": false
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "liana",
    "climate": "wet tropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Wikidata",
      "note": "common name (P1843), joined on the World Flora Online identifier (P7715)",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-13"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 8 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/rubus-pinnatus/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}