{
  "$schema": "https://botanai.app/schema/species-v1.json",
  "schema_version": 1,
  "url": "https://botanai.app/plants/roupala-montana/",
  "last_modified": "2025-12-15",
  "id": {
    "slug": "roupala-montana",
    "wfo": "wfo-0000403899",
    "inat_taxon_id": 286045
  },
  "name": {
    "scientific": "Roupala montana",
    "authorship": "Aubl.",
    "genus": "Roupala",
    "epithet": "montana",
    "family": "Proteaceae",
    "rank": "species",
    "taxonomic_status": "accepted",
    "accepted_according_to": "World Flora Online Plant List, 2026-06",
    "is_homonym": false,
    "published_in": "Hist. Pl. Guiane : 83 (1775)",
    "protologue_url": null,
    "common": {
      "preferred": null,
      "english": [],
      "source": null
    },
    "synonyms": [
      {
        "name": "Embothrium chaparro",
        "authorship": "Humb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Embothrium curvatum",
        "authorship": "Willd. ex Roem. & Schult."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala adiantifolia",
        "authorship": "Klotzsch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala arvensis",
        "authorship": "Barb.Rodr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala boissieriana",
        "authorship": "Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala borealis",
        "authorship": "Hemsl."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala brasiliensis",
        "authorship": "Klotzsch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala brasiliensis var. velutina",
        "authorship": "(Klotzsch) Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala cataractarum",
        "authorship": "Sleumer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala complicata",
        "authorship": "Kunth"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala corcovadensis",
        "authorship": "hort. ex Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala darienensis",
        "authorship": "Pittier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala dentata",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala dentigera",
        "authorship": "Knight"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala discolor",
        "authorship": "Rusby"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala dissimilis",
        "authorship": "Pittier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala frondosa",
        "authorship": "Rich. ex Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala gardneri",
        "authorship": "Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala gardneri var. integrifolia",
        "authorship": "Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala glabrata",
        "authorship": "Klotzsch ex Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala grandifolia",
        "authorship": "Klotzsch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala heterophylla",
        "authorship": "Pohl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala macrophylla",
        "authorship": "Pohl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala macropoda",
        "authorship": "Klotzsch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala martii",
        "authorship": "Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala martii var. pinnata",
        "authorship": "Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala martii var. simplicifolia",
        "authorship": "Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala media",
        "authorship": "R.Br."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala montana var. complicata",
        "authorship": "(Kunth) Griseb."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala montana var. dentata",
        "authorship": "(R.Br.) Sleumer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala montana var. montana",
        "authorship": null
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala mucronulata",
        "authorship": "Mez"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala nervosa",
        "authorship": "Klotzsch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala ochrantha",
        "authorship": "Mart. ex Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala ovalis",
        "authorship": "Pohl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala pamplonensis",
        "authorship": "Linden"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala panamensis",
        "authorship": "Pittier"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala paraensis",
        "authorship": "Huber"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala pohlii",
        "authorship": "Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala pyrifolia",
        "authorship": "Knight"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala raimondii",
        "authorship": "J.F.Macbr."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala repanda",
        "authorship": "Lundell"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala rhombifolia",
        "authorship": "Mart. ex Meisn."
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala rhombifolia var. paraensis",
        "authorship": "Sleumer"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala tomentosa",
        "authorship": "Pohl"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala velutina",
        "authorship": "Klotzsch"
      },
      {
        "name": "Roupala veraguensis",
        "authorship": "Klotzsch ex Meisn."
      }
    ],
    "wikipedia": null
  },
  "photographs": {
    "shown": 3,
    "usable_found": 3,
    "licences": [
      "CC-BY"
    ],
    "noncommercial_excluded": true,
    "items": [
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        "license": "CC-BY",
        "license_name": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
        "derivatives_restricted": false,
        "creator": "keesgroenendijk",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/keesgroenendijk",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/86a79d7d-cb58-459a-ad5c-287460834f1f",
        "observed_on": "2021-11-28",
        "lat": 7.592,
        "lon": -80.962,
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        "attribution": "keesgroenendijk, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
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      {
        "photo_id": 165565776,
        "license": "CC-BY",
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        "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
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        "creator": "Leonardo Bergamini",
        "creator_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/people/leonardobergamini",
        "source_url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/94ada5e3-58ad-4daa-a2e3-d195f5f4ba29",
        "observed_on": "2021-10-24",
        "lat": -15.88,
        "lon": -47.83,
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        "attribution": "Leonardo Bergamini, CC BY 4.0, via iNaturalist"
      }
    ]
  },
  "native_range": {
    "scheme": "TDWG World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, level 3",
    "source": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
    "license": "CC BY 3.0",
    "excludes": [
      "introduced",
      "extinct",
      "location_doubtful"
    ],
    "codes": [
      "MXC",
      "MXG",
      "MXE",
      "MXT",
      "MXS",
      "AGE",
      "BLZ",
      "BOL",
      "BZN",
      "BZE",
      "BZS",
      "BZL",
      "BZC",
      "CLM",
      "COS",
      "ECU",
      "ELS",
      "FRG",
      "GUA",
      "GUY",
      "HON",
      "NIC",
      "PAN",
      "PER",
      "SUR",
      "TRT",
      "VEN",
      "VNA"
    ],
    "regions": [
      {
        "code": "MXC",
        "name": "Mexico Central",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXG",
        "name": "Mexico Gulf",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXE",
        "name": "Mexico Northeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXT",
        "name": "Mexico Southeast",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "MXS",
        "name": "Mexico Southwest",
        "continent": "NORTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Mexico"
      },
      {
        "code": "AGE",
        "name": "Argentina Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Southern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BLZ",
        "name": "Belize",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BOL",
        "name": "Bolivia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZN",
        "name": "Brazil North",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZE",
        "name": "Brazil Northeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZS",
        "name": "Brazil South",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZL",
        "name": "Brazil Southeast",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "BZC",
        "name": "Brazil West-Central",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Brazil"
      },
      {
        "code": "CLM",
        "name": "Colombia",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "COS",
        "name": "Costa Rica",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ECU",
        "name": "Ecuador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "ELS",
        "name": "El Salvador",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "FRG",
        "name": "French Guiana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUA",
        "name": "Guatemala",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "GUY",
        "name": "Guyana",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "HON",
        "name": "Honduras",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "NIC",
        "name": "Nicaragua",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PAN",
        "name": "Panamá",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Central America"
      },
      {
        "code": "PER",
        "name": "Peru",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Western South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "SUR",
        "name": "Suriname",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "TRT",
        "name": "Trinidad-Tobago",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      },
      {
        "code": "VEN",
        "name": "Venezuela",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Northern South America"
      },
      {
        "code": "VNA",
        "name": "Venezuelan Antilles",
        "continent": "SOUTHERN AMERICA",
        "region": "Caribbean"
      }
    ]
  },
  "phenology": {
    "n": 17,
    "n_annotated": 41,
    "sufficient": false,
    "doi": null,
    "source": "GBIF SQL download of iNaturalist Research-grade Observations",
    "quality_grade": "research (guaranteed upstream by iNaturalist at export)",
    "fields": {
      "by_month": "observations found IN FLOWER, by month (Jan..Dec)",
      "annotated_by_month": "observations in which a human recorded the reproductive state at all, by month. This is the denominator, and it includes the records that said \"no flowers or fruits\".",
      "share": "by_month / annotated_by_month. null where too few plants were examined to state a proportion.",
      "ci": "95% Wilson score interval on share.",
      "peak_month": "the month with the highest SHARE, not the highest count."
    }
  },
  "traits": {
    "lifeform": "shrub or tree",
    "climate": "seasonally dry tropical"
  },
  "identification": {
    "on_device_model": {
      "model": "Google AIY plants V1 (TFLite, 2,102 classes)",
      "identifies_this_species": false
    },
    "in_accuracy_benchmark": false,
    "benchmark_url": "https://botanai.app/accuracy/",
    "confused_with": []
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "name": "World Flora Online Plant List",
      "note": "accepted name, authority, classification",
      "license": "CC0",
      "url": "https://www.worldfloraonline.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-07-12"
    },
    {
      "name": "iNaturalist",
      "note": "photographs and flowering annotations, CC0 / CC BY / CC BY-SA only",
      "license": "per photograph",
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-27"
    },
    {
      "name": "Kew, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v16)",
      "note": "native distribution by TDWG level-3 botanical country, and life form",
      "license": "CC BY 3.0",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.15468/6h8ucr",
      "retrieved": "2026-06-04"
    }
  ],
  "gaps": [
    {
      "field": "care",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published anywhere on this site. Every care claim we could make cheaply would be an unsourced enum, which is what the previous version of this site did and why it was deleted."
    },
    {
      "field": "toxicity",
      "status": "not_published",
      "reason": "Not published. The widely copied list is a copyrighted compilation restricted to noncommercial use, and we will not scrape it. A sourced toxicity dataset is being built from primary literature and is not ready."
    },
    {
      "field": "botanical_review",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No page on this site has been reviewed by a named botanist. The determination label says so, on every page."
    },
    {
      "field": "common_name",
      "status": "not_sourced",
      "reason": "No vernacular name for this taxon in Wikidata (P1843) or iNaturalist. We do not invent one, and we do not present the scientific name as though it were a common name."
    },
    {
      "field": "phenology",
      "status": "insufficient_evidence",
      "reason": "Only 17 annotated flowering records, below our threshold of 30. A curve fitted to a dozen records is noise, so we do not draw one."
    }
  ],
  "license": {
    "data": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "BotanAI, https://botanai.app/plants/roupala-montana/",
    "note": "This document is licensed CC BY 4.0. The PHOTOGRAPHS it links are licensed individually and separately: each carries its own license and license_url, and those terms govern. Underlying taxonomy is CC0 (World Flora Online); native range is CC BY 3.0 (Kew)."
  }
}